Unit 3 - s3

Question 1

Ecosystem meaning:

Answer 1

All organisms (the community) living in a particular habitat and the non-living components with which the organisms interact

Question 2

Habitat meaning:

Answer 2

Place where an organism lives

Question 3

Population meaning:

Answer 3

A group of one species (type) in an ecosystem

Question 4

Community meaning:

Answer 4

All of the plants, animals and micro-organisms that live together in an ecosystem

Question 5

Abiotic factors meaning:

Answer 5

Things that are not alive that impact you’re ability to survive

Question 6

Biotic factors meaning:

Answer 6

Things that are alive that impact your ability to survive

Question 7

Producer meaning:

Answer 7

A green plant who can make their own food by photosynthesis

Question 8

Consumer meaning:

Answer 8

an organism who cannot make their own food- they must consume other organisms

Question 9

Predator meaning:

Answer 9

An animal that hunts other animals for food

Question 10

Prey meaning:

Answer 10

An animal that is hunted by other animals for food

Question 11

What do arrows in a food chain do?

Answer 11

They point from the food to the feeder and show the direction of energy flow

Question 12

How do animals get energy?

Answer 12

They eat food

Question 13

Is there any energy lost in each stage?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

How much energy is passed onto the next stage of the food chain?

Answer 14

Only 10%

Question 15

What happens to the other 90% of energy?

Answer 15

The organisms use energy to move, reproduce, keep warm, lost in undigested food and excreation

Question 16

What are the 3 components of biodiversity?

Answer 16

1) diversity of genes
2) diversity of species
3) diversity of ecosystems

Question 17

Meaning of diversity of genes:

Answer 17

Chihuahuas, beagles and Rottweilers are all dogs but they’re not the same because their genes are different

Question 18

Meaning of diversity of species!

Answer 18

For example monkeys, dragon flies and meadow beauties are all different species

Question 19

Diversity of ecosystems:

Answer 19

Lochs, ponds and tropical rainforests are all ecosystems. Each on is different, with its own set of species living in it.

Question 20

Types of conservation:

Answer 20

• on-site
• offsite

Question 21

Meaning of on-site conservation?

Answer 21

(Where the animals occur naturally) so national parks and wildlife parks

Question 22

Meaning off-site conservation?

Answer 22

(In an artificial environment) - zoos, captive breeding programmes and rare breed forms

Question 23

What are the three parts of the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 23

1) nitrogen fixation
2) Denitrification
3) Nitrification

Question 24

Meaning of nitrogen fixation?

Answer 24

Leguminous plants with root nodules can take in nitrogen

Question 25

Meaning of Denitrification?

Answer 25

Denitrifying bacteria converts nitrates in the soil back to nitrogen gas

Question 26

Meaning of leguminous plants?

Answer 26

Some plants such as peas and clover havre nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules which can take nitrogen gas from the air to make nitrates.

Question 27

What is a natural way nitrogen can be added to soil?

Answer 27

By lightning as it had enough energy to convert nitrogen into nitrates

Question 28

What is an artificial way nitrogen can be added to soil?

Answer 28

Manure or fertiliser

Question 29

What are the 3 major plant nutrients?

Answer 29

- nitrogen (N) - phosphorus (P) - potassium (K)

Question 30

What does nitrogen promote in plants?

Answer 30

Promotes leaf growth

Question 31

What does phosphorus promote in plants?

Answer 31

Promotes root growth

Question 32

What does potassium promote in plants?

Answer 32

Promotes the growth of flowers+fruits

Question 33

What are the three types of adaptations?

Answer 33

- structural -behavioural - physiological

Question 34

What are structural adaptations + examples?

Answer 34

- adaptations outside the body - eg fur, feathers, spines

Question 35

What are behavioural adaptations+examples?

Answer 35

- what animals do - eg hibernation, migration, competition

Question 36

What are physiological adaptations+examples?

Answer 36

- adaptations inside the body - eg sweating, blood clots, shivering

Question 37

what are the 5 types of biomes?

Answer 37

- Aquatic - Grassland - Forest - Desert - Tundra

Question 38

Biodiversity meaning

Answer 38

a measure of the variety of living organisms within a particular habitat, ecosystem, biome

Question 39

What causes an algae bloom?

Answer 39

Fertiliser being leached into water which rapidly increases the amount of nutrients in the water

Question 40

What is an algae bloom?

Answer 40

When algae rapidly increases in a body of water

Question 41

What affect can an algae bloom have on biodiversity in a body of water?

Answer 41

The algae will create such a thick layer on top of the water that sunlight cannot get through to the plants so they cannot carry out photosynthesis. These plants then die and bacteria comes and eats the algae and the dead plants which mean oxygen levels decrease and any that’s left the bacteria use. This causes marine animals to die so biodiversity decreases

Question 42

Species meaning?

Answer 42

A group of organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring

Question 43

Examples of biotic factors:

Answer 43

- predation - disease - grazing - competition

Question 44

Examples of abiotic factors:

Answer 44

- light intensity - moisture content - pH - temperature

Question 45

What is an indicator species?

Answer 45

Indicates the level of pollution in an area due to their presence