UNIT 3 - SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT Flashcards
Structuralism:Who founded the first psychology laboratory?
Wilhelm Wundt
What method did Wundt use to study consciousness?
Introspection
What is structuralism concerned with?
Analyzing the basic elements of consciousness.
What are the limitations of introspection?
Subjectivity, lack of verifiability, limited scope, bias.
Who expanded on Wundt’s structuralism?
Edward Titchener
Who developed functionalism?
William James
What is the focus of functionalism?
The purpose (the why) of mental processes in adaptation.
How did James’s view of consciousness differ from Wundt’s?
James saw it as a continuous stream, not static elements.
What is the central question functionalism seeks to answer?
How does the conscious mind operate to adapt?
Who founded behaviorism?
John B. Watson
What is the focus of behaviorism?
Observable behavior and environmental influences.
What is operant conditioning?
Learning through reinforcement and punishment (B.F. Skinner).
What are the three assumptions of behaviorism?
Focus on observable behavior, environmental influence,
importance of reinforcement.
What is the “black box” concept in behaviorism?
The mind is unobservable and should be ignored in study.
What is the core principle of Gestalt psychology?
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
What does “Gestalt” mean?
“Whole” or “form.”
What is the focus of Gestalt psychology?
Perception and how the mind organizes it.
What is “insight” in Gestalt psychology?
Sudden understanding of a problem’s solution.
Who are key figures in humanistic psychology?
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.
What is the focus of humanistic psychology?
Human potential, free will, and self-actualization.
What is self-actualization?
Fulfilling one’s potential.
What is unconditional positive regard?
Acceptance and love without judgment.
What is the main idea of Humanistic psychology?
Humans are innately good.
Who developed psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud.
