unit 3 test

Question 1

gram-positive bacteria have…

Answer 1

cell membrane and a thick cell wall (stains dark blue)

Question 1

gram-negative bacteria have…

Answer 1

cell membrane, thin cell wall, and outer phospholipid membrane (do not retain dye)

Question 2

what only grows in absence of oxygen?

Answer 2

anaerobic

Question 3

what produces energy using sunlight?

Answer 3

photoautotroph

Question 4

what requires oxygen to grow?

Answer 4

aerobic

Question 5

what survives best at low oxygen?

Answer 5

facultative

Question 6

what obtains its energy through chemicals?

Answer 6

chemoautotroph

Question 7

what causes diease?

Answer 7

pathogenic

Question 8

what produces this own food and energy?

Answer 8

autotroph

Question 9

what receives nutrients from the host or enviroment?

Answer 9

heterotroph

Question 10

what is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 10

bacteria

Question 11

whats a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 11

fungi, plants, animals, or humans

Question 12

media that prevents the growth of some type of microorganisms and permits the growth of others is said to be…

Answer 12

selective media

Question 13

media that allows you to tell whether or not a colony has a particular property is called…

Answer 13

differential media

Question 14

method to prevent contamination while introducing specific bacteria of intersecting culture

Answer 14

aseptic technique

Question 15

free from microorganisms, totally clean

Answer 15

sterile

Question 16

unwanted material, such as bacteria from skin or hair

Answer 16

contamination

Question 17

a pressurized chamber that can reach high temps to kill microbes and sterilize equipment

Answer 17

autoclave

Question 18

coccus is ___
bacillus is ___
spirillum is ___

Answer 18

spherical (circle)
rod-shaped
spiral

Question 19

diplo is in ___
strepto is in ___
staphylo is in ___

Answer 19

sets of two (double)
in chains
in clusters

Question 20

what is a visible cluster of identical bacteria that grew from one original bacterium?

Answer 20

colony

Question 21

whats a dense covering of bacteria on a plate due to the colonies growing into each other?

Answer 21

lawn

Question 22

what is a liquid broth that turns cloudy due to bacterial growth?

Answer 22

turbid

Question 23

what does a serial dilution do?

Answer 23

reduces the number of cells in a culture (easier to count)

Question 24

the more dilution =

Answer 24

fewer colonies

Question 25

dilution factor & total dilution factor

Answer 25

volume transfered / total volume

Question 26

CFU/mL

Answer 26

amount of CFU's/amount plated

Question 27

how do you find dilution factor total?

Answer 27

multiple all the dilution factors together

Question 28

what does Benedict's reagent identify and what colors are used?

Answer 28

sugar (glucose); - present: green (low), yellow (mid), red (high) - not present: blue

Question 29

what does Lugol's reagent (potassium iodide / KI) identify and what colors are used?

Answer 29

starch - present: black or purple - not present: yellow

Question 30

what does Biuret's reagent test and what colors are used?

Answer 30

peptides (protein) - present: purple; short peptides (pink) - not present: blue

Question 31

what does Phenol red test and what colors are used?

Answer 31

lipids (fats) - pH = 7 (neutral): red - pH = 8-14 (basic): pink - pH = 1-6 (acidic): yellow

Question 32

order of GI tract?

Answer 32

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Question 33

small intestines main function and the 3 parts of it?

Answer 33

nutrient absorption - duodenum: short & wide (no nutrient absorption) - jejunum: most of nutrient absorption - lleum: rest of nutrient absorption

Question 34

large intestine function and 4 parts of it?

Answer 34

water absorption and excretion of wastes - cecum: Ileum dumps into it - colon - rectum - anal canal

Question 35

what are the 6 accessory digestive organs?

Answer 35

- teeth: mechanical digestion - tongue: mechanical digestion - salivary glands: produces amylase - liver: produces bile - gallbladder: stores bile - pancreas: produces enzymes

Question 36

what are the two types of digestion?

Answer 36

- mechanical: physically decreasing food size (chewing of teeth & mixing of stomach and small intestine) - chemical: enzymatic reactions that break polymers into oligomers or monomers

Question 37

function and features of simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 37

absorption and secretion; microvilli & goblet cells

Question 38

function and features of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 38

protection; must be kept moist

Question 39

function and features of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 39

protection; keratin (makes cells water-resistant)

Question 40

location and function of adipose tissue?

Answer 40

beneath skin and surrounds organs; insulation and energy storage

Question 41

protein - lipid (fat) - glucose - starch -

Answer 41

pH substrate amount temperature time

Question 42

what pH does lipase from pancreatic juice work best?

Answer 42

7.5-8.5 (7)

Question 43

what pH does pepsin from the stomach work best?

Answer 43

2

Question 44

nutrient agar plate?

Answer 44

contains nutrients; neither selective or differential; grows bacteria, molds, and yeast

Question 45

MacConkey agar plate?

Answer 45

selective & differential; gram - growth; pink/red- ferment lactose, white/clear- can't

Question 46

EMB agar plate?

Answer 46

selective & differential; gram - growth; metallic green- e.coli, pink/purp/black- ferment lactose, colorless- can't

Question 47

blood agar plate?

Answer 47

contains sheeps blood; differential; a-hemolysis- green (incomplete lysis and digestion), b-hemolysis- white/clear (complete lysis and digestion), y-hemolysis- unchanged (no hemolysis)

Question 48

polymer & monomer - tortilla - chicken - ice cream

Answer 48

- carbs -> glucose - protein -> amino acids - fats (lipids) -> fatty acids