unit 3 test Flashcards
(24 cards)
chemical change
any change in. which a new substance is formed
kinetic molecular theory
a theory stating that all matter is a measure of particles is continuous random motion; temperature is a measure of the average speed of the particles
collision-react theory
theory stating that chemical reactions involve collisions and rearrangements of atoms or groups of atoms and that outcomes of collisions depend on the energy and orientation of the collisions
word equation
a representation of a chemical reaction using only the names of the chemicals involved
chemical equation
a representation of a chemical reaction that indicates the chemical formulas, relative number of entities, and states of matter of the reactant products
coefficient
a whole number indicating the ratio of molecules of each substance involved in a chemical reaction
catalytic converter
a device that uses catalysts to convert pollutant molecules in vehicle exhaust to less harmful molecules
catalyst
a substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction without undergoing any chemical change itself
combustion reaction
the reaction of a substance with oxygen, producing oxides and energy
greenhouse effect
a theory stating that heat is trapped near Earth’s surface by carbon dioxide gas, atmospheric water vapour and sone other gases
synthesis reaction
a chemical reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to form a more complex substance; also known as combination reaction
A + B–> AB
decomposition reaction
a chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down into two or more simpler substances
AB–> A + B
thermal decomposition
a decomposition reaction that occurs when the reactant is heated
single displacement reaction
the reaction of an element with a compound to produce new element and a new compound
activity series
a list of elements arranged in order of. their reactivity, based on empirical evidence gathered from single displacement reactions
alloy
a homogeneous mixture (a solution) of two or more metals
corrosion
the unwanted reaction of metals with chemicals in the environment
galvanizing
coating iron or steel with zinc to prevent rusting
double displacement reaction
a reaction in which aqueous ionic compounds rearrange
solute
a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution
solvent
the medium in which a solute is dissolved; often. the. liquid component of. a solution
solubility
a property of. a solute; the concentration of a saturated solution of a solute in a solvent at a specific temperature and pressure
precipitate
form a low-solubility solid from a solution; the solid formed in a chemical reaction or by decreased solubility
neutralization reactions
a double displacement reaction between an acid and a base to produce an ionic compound(a salt) and usually water
