unit 3 test Flashcards

(24 cards)

1
Q

chemical change

A

any change in. which a new substance is formed

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2
Q

kinetic molecular theory

A

a theory stating that all matter is a measure of particles is continuous random motion; temperature is a measure of the average speed of the particles

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3
Q

collision-react theory

A

theory stating that chemical reactions involve collisions and rearrangements of atoms or groups of atoms and that outcomes of collisions depend on the energy and orientation of the collisions

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4
Q

word equation

A

a representation of a chemical reaction using only the names of the chemicals involved

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5
Q

chemical equation

A

a representation of a chemical reaction that indicates the chemical formulas, relative number of entities, and states of matter of the reactant products

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6
Q

coefficient

A

a whole number indicating the ratio of molecules of each substance involved in a chemical reaction

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7
Q

catalytic converter

A

a device that uses catalysts to convert pollutant molecules in vehicle exhaust to less harmful molecules

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8
Q

catalyst

A

a substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction without undergoing any chemical change itself

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9
Q

combustion reaction

A

the reaction of a substance with oxygen, producing oxides and energy

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10
Q

greenhouse effect

A

a theory stating that heat is trapped near Earth’s surface by carbon dioxide gas, atmospheric water vapour and sone other gases

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11
Q

synthesis reaction

A

a chemical reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to form a more complex substance; also known as combination reaction
A + B–> AB

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12
Q

decomposition reaction

A

a chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down into two or more simpler substances
AB–> A + B

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13
Q

thermal decomposition

A

a decomposition reaction that occurs when the reactant is heated

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14
Q

single displacement reaction

A

the reaction of an element with a compound to produce new element and a new compound

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15
Q

activity series

A

a list of elements arranged in order of. their reactivity, based on empirical evidence gathered from single displacement reactions

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16
Q

alloy

A

a homogeneous mixture (a solution) of two or more metals

17
Q

corrosion

A

the unwanted reaction of metals with chemicals in the environment

18
Q

galvanizing

A

coating iron or steel with zinc to prevent rusting

19
Q

double displacement reaction

A

a reaction in which aqueous ionic compounds rearrange

20
Q

solute

A

a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution

21
Q

solvent

A

the medium in which a solute is dissolved; often. the. liquid component of. a solution

22
Q

solubility

A

a property of. a solute; the concentration of a saturated solution of a solute in a solvent at a specific temperature and pressure

23
Q

precipitate

A

form a low-solubility solid from a solution; the solid formed in a chemical reaction or by decreased solubility

24
Q

neutralization reactions

A

a double displacement reaction between an acid and a base to produce an ionic compound(a salt) and usually water