Unit 3: "The Founding of America" Vocab Flashcards
To learn the vocabulary of this unit.
French and Indian War aka Seven Years’ War
England, colonists natives vs. France and Natives; France wanted the Ohio river for trade and shipping, England needed more land cause too many colonists
Albany Plan of Union
Plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown (first time colonies all met and gathered)
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Natives in the area had good relationship with the French so after the war they were unhappy with the new aenglush presence. They banded together under Pontiac and burned homes and forts along Ohio river valley –> Proclamation of 1763 and a permanent British army in N. America
Proclamation of 1763
Purpose of colonies was to make England money but constant wars had opposite effect, prohibits colonization west of Appalchian M., George III passes this to avoid further (expensive) conflicts
George Grenville
Became lord of treasury of England in 1764, his goals were to reduce englands debt and pay for the 10,000 soldiers in the new world
- Sugar Act, - Stamp Act, -Quartering Act
Sugar Act of 1764
The Sugar Act was a law passed by British Parliament designed to raise revenue from American colonists by taxing sugar and molasses imported into the colonies.
Stamp Act of 1765
The Stamp Act was a tax imposed by the British Parliament on the American colonies requiring them to pay tax on every piece of printed paper they used including legal documents, newspapers, and even playing cards
Quartering Act of 1765
The Quartering Act of 1765 was a law passed by the British Parliament that required American colonists to provide housing, food, and other provisions to British soldiers stationed in the colonies
Virtual Representation
concept that elected members of a representative body do not represent individuals or a geographic region but represent the entire country; Emgland argued this gave them the right to tax the colonies but the colonies believed only on of their own could tax them
Stamp Act Congress (1765)
9 of the colonies met to call of the repeal of the Stamp Act; not revolutionoary (they started with pledging their alliegance to England) but it was the first time that the colonies met to oppose England
Declatory Act of 1766
England rejected claimis that they did not have rights to tax the colonies and stated England could pass laws for “the colonies and people of America… in all cases whatsoever”
Townshend Acts of 1767
The Townshend Acts were a series of laws passed by the British that placed new taxes on imports to the American colonies, including glass, lead, paints, paper and tea; Led to organized protests and boycotts, unifying the colonies further
Daughter’s of Liberty
Women that boycotted English goods ex. making homemade clothes, teas and growing food for family; to make England lose money
Boston Massacre
Colonists threw snowballs and rad coats guarding tax money, 5 were killed after soldiers shot into crowd; 6/8 were found innocent, further angering colonists
Tea Act of 1773
gave a monopoly to the East India company forcing colonists to purchase from them
Boston Tea Party (1773)
The Boston Tea Party was a political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, they dumped 342 chests of tea imported by the British East India Company into the harbor as a response to the Tea Act.
Intolerable Acts (1774)
The Intolerable Acts were punitive laws passed by the British after the Boston Tea party. They were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists; closed Boston harbor until tea was paid for, allowed soldiers to stay in people’s homes, no townhall meetings without permission, gave royal governer ability to choose colonial leaders
First Continental Congress (1774)
a meeting of delegates from twelve of Thirteen Colonies in Philedelphia to oppose the intolerable acts
Patrrick Henry: I am not a Virginian anymore but an American
Patrick Henry
Thought war was inevitable, “Give me liberty or give me death”
Battles of Lexington and Concord 1775
The Battle of Lexington and Concord were actually two battles that marked the start of armed conflict between Great Britain the colonies which would later become known as Revolutionary War. British were sent to confiscate guns and powder but colonists rallied and forced biritsh to retreat; “shot hear from around the world”
Second Continental Congress 1775
Started raising a contintenal army and appointed G. Washington as commander in chief of the continental army; provided much needed organization and leadership to revolution cause
Dunmore’s Proclamation (1775)
Dunmore, the royal governmer of the British colony of Virginia, offered freedom to all slaves and indentured servants that rebelled and fought for the British (if they won of course)
Common Sense by Thomas Paine (1776)
booklet arguing that the colonists should be independent, using ideas of natural rights; shifted the sentiment of colonists from being loyal subjects of the King to considering themselves Americans, who were entitled to same rights and privileges as citizens of any other country
Declaration of Independance (1776)
Writteen by Jefferson and revised by continental congress; announced americas independance from England
Enlightenment
n intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 17th to 19th century. It emphasized reason, individualism, skepticism about religious authority, and a belief in progress.
Two Treatises of Government (1689)
written by John Locke, argues against absolute monarchy and advocates for society based on natural rights where government power comes from the consent of the governed, using natural rights; inspired Jefferson’s writing of DOI
Social Contract (1762)
Expanding on the social contract, Jean-Jacques Rousseau writes that the people have the power but willingly give some up to a gov. that will represent their natural rights; people can take power away if government is not holding up its end of contractq
Great Awakening
A religious revival in early 1700’s
Jonathan Edwards
Sermons that combined enlightenment and religion, “sinners in the hands of an angry god”
George Whitfield
went around giving sermons anywhere, had an egalitarion view - wealth did not change gods view of you
England’s Strengths
More money & resources, 25% of colonists were Loyalists-25,000 fought for England, more slaves and natives fought for England, hired german mercenaries-Hessians
Battle of Long Island
England almost won the war in the first month-they attaked new York and Wahington tried to defend it but they were forced to retreat - defeat disease and desertion left Washington with 3,000 men left by Christmas 1776
