Unit 3 Vocab

Question 1

acculturation

Answer 1

the process by which people within one culture adopt some of the traits of another while still retaining their own distinct culture

Question 2

assimilation

Answer 2

a category of acculturation in which the interaction of two cultures results in one culture adopting almost all of the customs, traditions, language, and other cultural traits of the other

Question 3

centrifugal force

Answer 3

a force that divides a group
of people

Question 4

centripetal force

Answer 4

a force that unites a group
of people

Question 5

collectivist culture

Answer 5

a culture in which
people are expected to conform to collective
responsibility within the family and to be
obedient and respectful of elder family
members

Question 6

contagious diffusion

Answer 6

the process by which
an idea or cultural trait spreads rapidly among
people of all social classes and levels of
power

Question 7

creolization

Answer 7

the blending of two or more
languages that may not include the features of
either original language

Question 8

cultural appropriation

Answer 8

the act of adopting
elements of another culture

Question 8

cultural convergence

Answer 8

the process by
which cultures become more similar through
interaction

Question 9

cultural divergence

Answer 9

the process by which
cultures become less similar due to conflicting
beliefs or other barriers

Question 10

cultural hearth

Answer 10

an area where cultural traits
develop and from which cultural traits diffuse

Question 11

cultural landscape

Answer 11

a natural landscape that
has been modified by humans, reflecting their
cultural beliefs and values

Question 11

cultural norm

Answer 11

a shared standard or pattern
that guides the behavior of a group of people

Question 12

cultural relativism

Answer 12

the evaluation of a culture
by its own standards

Question 13

cultural trait

Answer 13

a shared object or cultural
practice

Question 14

culture

Answer 14

the beliefs, values, practices,
behaviors, and technologies shared by a
society and passed down from generation to
generation

Question 15

denomination

Answer 15

a separate church organization
that unites a number of local congregations

Question 16

dialect

Answer 16

a variation of a standard language
specific to a general area, with differences in
pronunciation, degree of rapidity in speech,
word choice, and spelling

Question 17

diffusion

Answer 17

the process by which a cultural trait
spreads from one place to another over time

Question 18

ethnic neighborhood

Answer 18

a cultural landscape
within a community of people outside of their area of origin

Question 19

ethnic religion

Answer 19

a religion that is closely tied
with a particular ethnic group often living in a
particular place

Question 20

ethnicity

Answer 20

the state belonging to a group
of people who share common cultural
characteristics

Question 21

ethnocentrism

Answer 21

the tendency of ethnic
groups to evaluate other groups according to
preconceived ideas originating from their own
culture

Question 22

expansion diffusion

Answer 22

the spread of a cultural
trait outward from where it originated

Question 23

gender identity

Answer 23

an individual’s innermost concept of self as male, female, a blend of both, or neither

Question 24

gendered space

Answer 24

a space designed and deliberately incorporated into the landscape to accommodate gender roles

Question 25

gentrification

Answer 25

the renovations and improvements conforming to middle-class preferences

Question 26

hierarchical diffusion

Answer 26

the spread of an idea or trait from a person or place of power or authority to other people or places

Question 27

identity

Answer 27

the ways in which humans make sense of themselves and how they wish to be viewed by others

Question 27

isolate

Answer 27

a language that is unrelated to any other known language

Question 28

language

Answer 28

a distinct system of communication that is the carrier of human thoughts and cultural identities

Question 29

language branch

Answer 29

a collection of languages within a language family that share a common origin and separated from other branches in the same family several thousand years ago

Question 30

language family

Answer 30

a group of languages that share a common ancestral language from a particular hearth, or region of origin

Question 31

language group

Answer 31

languages within a language branch that share a common ancestor in the relatively recent past and have vocabularies with a high degree of overlap

Question 32

lingua franca

Answer 32

common language used among speakers of different languages

Question 33

multiculturalism

Answer 33

a situation in which different cultures live together without assimilating

Question 34

pilgrimage

Answer 34

a journey to a holy place for spiritual reasons

Question 35

placemaking

Answer 35

a community-driven process in which people collaborate to create a place where they can live, work, play, and learn

Question 36

popular culture

Answer 36

the widespread behaviors, beliefs, and practices of ordinary people in society at a given point in time

Question 37

postmodern architecture

Answer 37

a building style that emerged as a reaction to “modern” designs, and values diversity in design

Question 38

religion

Answer 38

a system of spiritual beliefs that helps form cultural perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and values

Question 39

relocation diffusion

Answer 39

the spread of culture traits through the movement of people

Question 40

sect

Answer 40

a relatively small group that has separated from an established religious denomination

Question 40

secularized

Answer 40

focused on worldly rather than spiritual concerns

Question 41

sense of place

Answer 41

the subjective feelings and memories people associate with a geographic location

Question 42

stimulus diffusion

Answer 42

the process by which a cultural trait or idea spreads to another culture or region but is modified to adapt to the new culture

Question 43

syncretism

Answer 43

process of innovation combining different cultural features into something new

Question 44

traditional architecture

Answer 44

an established building style of different cultures, religions, and places

Question 45

traditional culture

Answer 45

the long-established behaviors, beliefs, and practices passed down from generation to generation

Question 46

universalizing religion

Answer 46

a religion that tries to appeal to all humans and is open to membership by everyone