unit 6 vocab

Question 1

Boomburb

Answer 1

A suburb that has grown rapidly into a large and sprawling city with more that 100,000 residents

Question 2

Central place theory

Answer 2

a theory used to
describe the spatial relationship between
cities and their surrounding communities

Question 3

Edge city

Answer 3

a type of community located on
the outskirts of a larger city with commercial
centers with office space, retail complexes,
and other amenities typical of an urban center

Question 4

Exurb

Answer 4

a typically fast-growing community
outside of or on the edge of a metropolitan
area where the residents and community
are closely connected to the central city and
suburbs

Question 5

Gravity model

Answer 5

a model that predicts the
interaction between two or more places;
geographers derived the model from Newton’s
law of universal gravitation

Question 6

Infill

Answer 6

Redevelopment that identifies and develops vacant parcels of land within previously built areas

Question 7

Mega city

Answer 7

A city with a population of more that 10 million

Question 8

Meta city

Answer 8

A city with a population of more that 20 million

Question 9

Metropolitan area

Answer 9

A city and the surrounding areas that are influenced economically and culturally by the city

Question 10

Prime City

Answer 10

The largest city in a country, which far exceeds the next city in population size and importance

Question 11

Range

Answer 11

In central place theory, the distance that someone is willing to travel for a good or service

Question 12

Rank-size rule

Answer 12

Explanation of size of cities within a country; states that the second largest city will be 1/2 of the size of the biggest, the third largest 1/3 of the size of the biggest city and so on and so fourth.

Question 13

Threshold

Answer 13

In central place theory, the number of people needed to support a business

Question 14

Urban area

Answer 14

A city and its surrounding suburbs

Question 15

Urban sprawl

Answer 15

Areas of poorly planned, low density development surrounding a city

Question 16

World city

Answer 16

A city that wields political, cultural, and economic influence on a global scale

Question 17

African city model

Answer 17

a model of urban development depicting a city with three central business districts, growing outward in a series of concentric rings

Question 18

Concentric zone model

Answer 18

a model of urban
development depicting a city growing outward
from a central business district in a series of
concentric rings

Question 19

Disamenity zone

Answer 19

a high-poverty urban area
in a disadvantaged location containing steep
slopes, flood-prone ground, rail lines, landfills,
or industry

Question 20

Galactic city model

Answer 20

a model of urban
development depicting a city where economic
activity has moved from the central business
district toward loose coalitions of other
urban areas and suburbs; also known as the
peripheral model

Question 21

Latin american city model

Answer 21

a model of urban
development depicting a city with a central
business district, concentric rings, and
sections stricken by poverty; also known as
the Griffin-Ford model

Question 22

multiple-nuclei model

Answer 22

a model of urban development depicting a city where growth occurs around the progressive integration of multiple nodes, not around one central business district

Question 23

Node

Answer 23

The focal point of a functional region.

Question 24

Sector model

Answer 24

a model of urban development depicting a city with wedge-shaped sectors and divisions emanating from the central business district, generally along transit routes

Question 25

Southeast Asian city model

Answer 25

a model of urban development depicting a city oriented around a port and lacking a formal central business district, growing outward in concentric rings and along multiple nodes

Question 26

Squatter settlement

Answer 26

an informal housing area beset with overcrowding and poverty that features temporary homes often made of wood scraps or metal sheeting

Question 27

Zoning

Answer 27

The process of dividing a city or urban area into zoning within which only certain land uses are permitted

Question 28

Block busting

Answer 28

a practice by real estate agents who would stir up concern that Black families would soon move into a neighborhood; the agents would convince White property owners to sell their houses at below-market prices

Question 29

Brown Field

Answer 29

Abandoned and polluted industrial site in a central city or suburb

Question 30

De Facto Segregation

Answer 30

segregation that results from residential settlement patterns rather than from prejudicial laws

Question 31

Ecological footprint

Answer 31

impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain the use of natural resources

Question 32

Eminent domain

Answer 32

a government’s right to take over privately owned property for public use or interest

Question 33

Environmental injustice

Answer 33

the ways in which communities of color and poor people are more likely to be exposed to environmental burdens such as air pollution or contaminated water; also called environmental racism

Question 34

New urbanism

Answer 34

a school of thought that promotes designing growth to limit the amount of urban sprawl and preserve nature and usable farmland

Question 35

redlining

Answer 35

practice by which a financial institution such as a bank refuses to offer home loans on the basis of a neighborhood’s racial or ethnic makeup

Question 36

Regional planning

Answer 36

planning conducted at a regional scale that seeks to coordinate the development of housing, transportation, urban infrastructure, and economic activities

Question 37

Slow-growth city

Answer 37

city where planners have used smart-growth policies to decrease the rate at which the city grows outward

Question 38

Smart-growth policy

Answer 38

policy implemented to create sustainable communities by placing development in convenient locations and designing it to be more efficient and environmentally responsible

Question 39

traditional zoning

Answer 39

zoning that creates separate zones based on land-use type or economic function such as various categories of residential (low-, medium-, or high-density), commercial, or industrial

Question 40

transportation-oriented development

Answer 40

the creation of dense, walkable, pedestrian oriented, mixed-use communities centered around or located near a transit station

Question 41

Urban growth boundary

Answer 41

a boundary that separates urban land uses from rural land uses by limiting how far a city can expand

Question 42

Urban renewal

Answer 42

the nationwide movement that developed in the 1950s and 1960s when U.S. cities were given massive federal grants to tear down and clear out crumbling neighborhoods and former industrial zones as a means of rebuilding their downtowns

Question 43

Walk ability

Answer 43

a measure of how safe, convenient, and efficient it is to walk in an urban environment

Question 44

Zone of abandonment

Answer 44

area that has been largely deserted due to lack of jobs, declines in land value, and falling demand

Question 45

Filtering

Answer 45

the process of neighborhood change in which housing vacated by more affluent groups passes down the income scale to lower-income groups

Question 46

Greenbelt

Answer 46

a ring of parkland, agricultural land, or other type of open space maintained around an urban area to limit spraw

Question 47

Land tenure

Answer 47

the legal rights, as defined by a society, associated with owning land