Unit 3 Vocab Flashcards
(42 cards)
Peter the Great
Peter l, known as the Defender of Orthodoxy, participating closely in church affairs. Reorganized the Russian government by creating provinces. Officials received salary replacing the “feeding off the land” system. He also created a senate, who advised when he was gone.
Suleiman
Ottoman Empire reached it peak under Suleiman l. His armies overran Hungary. He failed to capture Vienna twice, but the fact that they made it so far into Europe caused fear. They also took control of the islands of Rhode and Tripoli. They experienced a transformation under him.
Kangxi
One of China’s longest-reigning emperors. Resided over a period of stability and expansion during the Qing Dynasty in China. He sent forces into Taiwan, Mongolia, and Central Asia, incorporating these areas into the empire.
Anne Boleyn
Queen of England as the 2nd wife of King Henry Vlll. Henry’s 1st wife couldn’t give him sons so he asked his marriage to be annulled, so he could marry Anne Boleyn. She gave no sons so she was beheaded.
Mehmed ll
(Conqueror) Firmly established the Ottomans capital after his forces besieged Constantinople. They used cannons to attack. He strengthened the navy and conquered territories and helped the Ottomans expand.
Shah Abbas l
Presided over the Safavid Empire at its height. His troops included Christian boys pressed into service. He imported weaponry from Europe and also relied on Europeans to advise his troops.
Martin Luther
A monk in Wittenburg who concluded several traditional church practices violated biblical teachings. He nailed his charges against the church, 95 Theses, to a church door. he created Lutheranism.
Romanov
The Romanov Dynasty took control of Russia in 1613 after a period of turmoil following Ivan’s death in 1584. Under their control three main groups had conflicting desires: The Church, They boyars, and Tsar’s Royal Family.
Nurhaci
Manchurian Chieftain, one of the Manchu founders. He is also known for establishing the Eight Banners, a patritineal system of military and administrative organization that allowed rulers to maintain their control over the military.
Atahualpa
He was the Incan ruler/emperor of Peru whose capture and execution by Francisco Pizarro enabled the conquistadors to secure the Inca lands for the Spanish crown
Henry Vlll
King of England. He wanted a son to pass the throne onto. He wanted to divorce Catherine over a daughter, Pope said no. he left the Catholic Church created the Protestant Anglican Church of England. Becomes the head of Church.
Shah Ismail l
using Shi’a Islam as a unifying force, Shah Ismail built a power base that supported his Rule and denied legitimacy to any Sunni.
Guru Nanak
One of the greatest religious innovators of all time and the founder of the Sikh religion. His family was Hindu but he advanced interest in religion and studied Islam and Hinduism intensively. Poet and Philosopher.
Ivan lV
Ivan the terrible was crowned tsar in 1547, he immediately set about to expand the Russian border eastward. This expansion came to rely greatly on the use of gunpowder.
English Bill of Rights
In 1689, England’s rulers William and Mary signed the English Bill of Right, which assured individual civil liberties. It also guaranteed protection against tyranny of the monarchy by requiring the agreement of Parliament on matters of taxation and raising armies.
Peace of Westphalia
Thirty Years’ war culminated in the Peace of Westphalia, which allowed each area of the Holy Roman Empire to select one of three religious options: Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism, or Calvinism.
Peace of Augsburg
Allowed each German state to choose whether its ruler would be Catholic or Lutheran. As a result, churches and inhabitants were forced to practice the state religion.
95 Theses
Martin Luther defiantly challenged the church by nailing his charges, the 95 Theses, to a church door. He advocated for the theological stance of “sola fide,” faith alone, for the basis of salvation for the christian believer.
Edict of Nantes
Allowed the Huguenots to practice their faith. provided religious toleration in France for the next 87 years. Issued by King Henry lV.
Council of Trent
Corrected some of the worst of the Church’s abuses and concentrated on reaffirming the rituals such as marriage and other sacraments improving the education of priests.
Samurai
Each daimyo had a samurai who had ambition to conquer more territory and power to rule his fiefdoms as he saw fit. Samurai were paid in ride, later gold, this gave them economic power.
Devshirme
Ottoman sultans used a selection system called devshirme to staff their military and their government. Christian boys (8-20), subjects of the empire, were recruited by force to serve in the Ottoman government.
30 years’ war
The final great religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants in Europe. It developed into a more general conflict involving European powers. The war resulted in widespread famine, starvation, and disease.
Boyars
Boyars were the noble landowning class in the Russian Empire. They wanted to gain and hold power. They gave advice to the ruling tsar. They had taxes imposed on them by Peter in order to reduce their influence.
