Unit 3 Vocab

Question 1

Peter the Great

Answer 1

Peter l, known as the Defender of Orthodoxy, participating closely in church affairs. Reorganized the Russian government by creating provinces. Officials received salary replacing the “feeding off the land” system. He also created a senate, who advised when he was gone.

Question 2

Suleiman

Answer 2

Ottoman Empire reached it peak under Suleiman l. His armies overran Hungary. He failed to capture Vienna twice, but the fact that they made it so far into Europe caused fear. They also took control of the islands of Rhode and Tripoli. They experienced a transformation under him.

Question 3

Kangxi

Answer 3

One of China’s longest-reigning emperors. Resided over a period of stability and expansion during the Qing Dynasty in China. He sent forces into Taiwan, Mongolia, and Central Asia, incorporating these areas into the empire.

Question 4

Anne Boleyn

Answer 4

Queen of England as the 2nd wife of King Henry Vlll. Henry’s 1st wife couldn’t give him sons so he asked his marriage to be annulled, so he could marry Anne Boleyn. She gave no sons so she was beheaded.

Question 5

Mehmed ll

Answer 5

(Conqueror) Firmly established the Ottomans capital after his forces besieged Constantinople. They used cannons to attack. He strengthened the navy and conquered territories and helped the Ottomans expand.

Question 6

Shah Abbas l

Answer 6

Presided over the Safavid Empire at its height. His troops included Christian boys pressed into service. He imported weaponry from Europe and also relied on Europeans to advise his troops.

Question 7

Martin Luther

Answer 7

A monk in Wittenburg who concluded several traditional church practices violated biblical teachings. He nailed his charges against the church, 95 Theses, to a church door. he created Lutheranism.

Question 8

Romanov

Answer 8

The Romanov Dynasty took control of Russia in 1613 after a period of turmoil following Ivan’s death in 1584. Under their control three main groups had conflicting desires: The Church, They boyars, and Tsar’s Royal Family.

Question 9

Nurhaci

Answer 9

Manchurian Chieftain, one of the Manchu founders. He is also known for establishing the Eight Banners, a patritineal system of military and administrative organization that allowed rulers to maintain their control over the military.

Question 10

Atahualpa

Answer 10

He was the Incan ruler/emperor of Peru whose capture and execution by Francisco Pizarro enabled the conquistadors to secure the Inca lands for the Spanish crown

Question 11

Henry Vlll

Answer 11

King of England. He wanted a son to pass the throne onto. He wanted to divorce Catherine over a daughter, Pope said no. he left the Catholic Church created the Protestant Anglican Church of England. Becomes the head of Church.

Question 12

Shah Ismail l

Answer 12

using Shi’a Islam as a unifying force, Shah Ismail built a power base that supported his Rule and denied legitimacy to any Sunni.

Question 13

Guru Nanak

Answer 13

One of the greatest religious innovators of all time and the founder of the Sikh religion. His family was Hindu but he advanced interest in religion and studied Islam and Hinduism intensively. Poet and Philosopher.

Question 14

Ivan lV

Answer 14

Ivan the terrible was crowned tsar in 1547, he immediately set about to expand the Russian border eastward. This expansion came to rely greatly on the use of gunpowder.

Question 15

English Bill of Rights

Answer 15

In 1689, England’s rulers William and Mary signed the English Bill of Right, which assured individual civil liberties. It also guaranteed protection against tyranny of the monarchy by requiring the agreement of Parliament on matters of taxation and raising armies.

Question 16

Peace of Westphalia

Answer 16

Thirty Years’ war culminated in the Peace of Westphalia, which allowed each area of the Holy Roman Empire to select one of three religious options: Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism, or Calvinism.

Question 17

Peace of Augsburg

Answer 17

Allowed each German state to choose whether its ruler would be Catholic or Lutheran. As a result, churches and inhabitants were forced to practice the state religion.

Question 18

95 Theses

Answer 18

Martin Luther defiantly challenged the church by nailing his charges, the 95 Theses, to a church door. He advocated for the theological stance of “sola fide,” faith alone, for the basis of salvation for the christian believer.

Question 19

Edict of Nantes

Answer 19

Allowed the Huguenots to practice their faith. provided religious toleration in France for the next 87 years. Issued by King Henry lV.

Question 20

Council of Trent

Answer 20

Corrected some of the worst of the Church’s abuses and concentrated on reaffirming the rituals such as marriage and other sacraments improving the education of priests.

Question 21

Samurai

Answer 21

Each daimyo had a samurai who had ambition to conquer more territory and power to rule his fiefdoms as he saw fit. Samurai were paid in ride, later gold, this gave them economic power.

Question 22

Devshirme

Answer 22

Ottoman sultans used a selection system called devshirme to staff their military and their government. Christian boys (8-20), subjects of the empire, were recruited by force to serve in the Ottoman government.

Question 23

30 years’ war

Answer 23

The final great religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants in Europe. It developed into a more general conflict involving European powers. The war resulted in widespread famine, starvation, and disease.

Question 24

Boyars

Answer 24

Boyars were the noble landowning class in the Russian Empire. They wanted to gain and hold power. They gave advice to the ruling tsar. They had taxes imposed on them by Peter in order to reduce their influence.

Question 25

Orthodox

Answer 25

The orthodox church had been the unifying force for the Russian people and tsar, who claimed to rule by divine right. The church was incorporated into the fovernment by Peter.

Question 26

Anglican Church

Answer 26

Anglicanism was founded by King Henry Vlll. He wanted a church free of control by the pope in Rome. With the approval of the English Parliament, set himself up as head of the new Church of England.

Question 27

Istanbul

Answer 27

After the Ottomans besieged Constantinople its name was changed to Istanbul. It was a nexus for trade, the city controlled the Bosporus Strait, the only waterway linking the Aegean Sea with the Black Sea.

Question 28

Divine Right

Answer 28

England’s King James believed in the divine right of kings, a belief that the right to rule was given to a king by God. Under this a king was a political and religious authority.

Question 29

Versailles

Answer 29

Louis XIV palace was at Versailles. Here nobles were kept close to Louis making it difficult for them to act independently or plot against him.

Question 30

Simony

Answer 30

Simony was the selling of church offices. This was a traditional church practice that Martin Luther believed violated biblical teachings.

Question 31

Catholicism

Answer 31

The faith, practice, and church order of the Roman Catholic Church. Their beliefs were greatly opposed by Martin Luther. They sold indulgences and practiced simony.

Question 32

Protestant

Answer 32

A member of follower of any of the Western christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic church and follow the principles of the Reformation, including the Baptist, Presbyterian, and Lutheran churches.

Question 33

Jesuits

Answer 33

Opposed the spread of Protestantism. They are a society of Jesus. The Jesuits undertook missionary activity throughout the Spanish Empire as well as Japan and India.

Question 34

Grand Vizier

Answer 34

In the Ottoman Empire the Grand Vizier held the imperial seal and could convene all other viziers to attest to affairs of the state.

Question 35

Reformation

Answer 35

The protestant reformation led to many new religions such as Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism. A reformation is the action or process of reforming and institution or practice.

Question 36

Sunni

Answer 36

Differs from Shi’a in its understanding of the Sunni, its conception of religious leadership, and its acceptance of the first three caliphs. This arose problems between Safavid and Ottomans.

Question 37

Empiricism

Answer 37

In 1620, Francis Bacon developed an early scientific method called empiricism, which insisted upon the collection of data to back up a hypothesis.

Question 38

Protestant Reformation

Answer 38

The basis for founding of Protestantism. The reformation led to reformulation of certain basic tenets of christian beliefs and resulted in the division of western Christendom between Roman Catholicism and the new Protestant traditions.

Question 39

Spanish Armada

Answer 39

In 1588, Philip ll’s Spanish Armada was defeated by English naval power. It is famous because at the time England was a small nation with a little navy and they were facing the greatest power in the world (Spain).

Question 40

Sikhism

Answer 40

A monotheistic faith that recognized the rights of other faiths to exist. It developed from Hinduism and may have been influenced by the Islamic mysticism known as Sufism.

Question 41

Shi’a

Answer 41

A belief that just as a prophet is appointed by God alone, only God has the prerogative to appoint the successor to his prophet. They Safavid were mainly Shi’a.

Question 42

Puritans

Answer 42

The Puritans were English protestants who sought to purify the church of England of Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the church should become more Protestant.