Unit 3- Water Flashcards
What ions does hard water have dissolved in it?
Ca2+ and Mg2+
When heated what does hard water create?
Calcium carbonate (scale)
What is temporary hardness caused by?
Hydrocarbonate ions
What is permanent hardness caused by?
Dissolved calcium sulfate
How is temporary hardness removed?
Boiling
How can temporary and permanent hardness be removed? How?
Adding sodium carbonate, reacts with calcium ions and magnesium ions to make calcium/magnesium carbonate
What does an ion exchange column do?
Removes both types of hardness by exchanging Ca and Mg ions for Na or H ions
What does titration do?
Compares the hardness, smaller amount of soap solution needed the softer the water
Why are chemicals added to reservoir water?
To make solids and microbes stick together so they sink
What process is pure water made through?
Distillation (boiling)
Why is fluoride and chlorine added to tap water?
Fluoride: stops tooth decay
Chlorine: kills bacteria
What does soft water create? What does hard water create?
Soft: permanent lather
Hard: scum
