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Physics Edexcel IGCSE updated-2023 > Unit 3 - Waves > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Waves Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

what is a wave

A

the transfer of energy and information but not matter in the form of vibrations

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2
Q

what are transverse waves

A

a wave where the vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of wave travel

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3
Q

what are longitudinal waves

A

a wave where the vibrations are parallel to the direction of wave travel

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4
Q

name any 2 transverse waves

A

light (including the electromagnetic spectrum), ripples on water

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5
Q

name any longitudinal wave

A

sound wave

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6
Q

define amplitude

A

maximum displacement of a material

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7
Q

define wave front

A

a line where all the water affected by a wave rises or falls together

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8
Q

define frequency

A

number of oscillations per unit time (Hz)

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9
Q

define wavelength

A

distance between 2 consecutive points on a wave (m)

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10
Q

define periodic times

A

the time for one complete oscillation, T

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11
Q

formulae for wave speed

A

wave speed = frequency x wavelength
v = f.λ

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12
Q

formulae for frequency

A

frequency = 1 / time period
f = 1 / T

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13
Q

doopler effect -
if a source of sound is getting closer observed frequency will be ——— and wavelength will be ———

A

if a source of sound is getting closer observed frequency will be higher and wavelength will be lower

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14
Q

doopler effect -
if a source of sound is getting further observed frequency will be ——— and wavelength will be ———

A

if a source of sound is getting further observed frequency will be lower and wavelength will be higher

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15
Q

the faster the source is moving , the (bigger / smaller ) the change in frequency

A

bigger

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16
Q

the frequency remains constant even if the wave changes medium. True or false

A

True

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17
Q

the wave speed never changes unless medium changes . True or False

A

True

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18
Q

What if wave changes medium ?
if the object is **more dense ** ,
longitudinal waves will ————- speed

A

increase

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19
Q

What if wave changes medium ?
if the object is **more dense ** ,
transverse waves will ————- speed

A

decrease

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20
Q

extra information - what are electromagnetic waves

A

a combination of electric and magnetic feild

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21
Q

state some properties of electromagnetic waves

A
  • they have the same speed in free space/vacuum
  • they can travel in vacuum
  • they are all transverse
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22
Q

Name the waves of the electromagnetic spectrum in terms of increasing frequency and decreasing wave length.

A

Gamma
Xray
Ultraviolet
Visible light
Infrared
Microwave
Radio wave

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23
Q

Name the colors of visible light in terms of

A

VIBGYOR
Violet
Indigo
Blue
Green
Yellow
Orange
Red

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24
Q

State the use of the electromagnetic wave -
radio wave

Study These Flashcards
A
  • communication
  • broadcasting
25
State the use of the electromagnetic wave - microwave
- cooking - satellite transmissions
26
State the use of the electromagnetic wave - infrared wave
- heaters - night vision equipment
27
State the use of the electromagnetic wave - visible light
- optical fibers - photography
28
State the use of the electromagnetic wave - ultraviolet wave
fluorescent lamps
29
State the use of the electromagnetic wave - x ray wave
- medical applications , observing internal structure
30
state the use of the electromagnetic wave - gamma ray
- sterilizing food and medical equipment - kill cancerous cell
31
state the effects of excessive exposure to microwaves
internal heating of body tissues
32
state the effects of exposure of infrared rays
skin burns
33
state the effects of exposure of ultraviolet rays
damage to surface cells and blindness
34
state the effects of exposure of gamma rays
cell mutation cancer
35
etxra - what do you mean by excessive exposure
exposure can mean exposure to high intensity/amplitude or exposure for a long time
36
state the law of reflection
angle of incidence = angle of reflection i = r
37
what do you understand by refraction
change in direction , 'bending' happens when wave changes medium
38
when a wave goes to a **denser** medium , wave become (toward/away) from the normal
toward
39
when a wave goes to a **less dense** medium , wave become (toward/away) from the normal
away
40
extra - what do you mean by refractive index
the ratio of speed of light in air to the speed of light in a material . it has no units
41
refractive index is always greater than 1 . True or False
True
42
formulae to find refractive index
speed of light in vaccum / speed of light in medium
43
formulae to find refractive index
sin i / sin r
44
define critical angle
learn any 1 form these 2 - a critical angle of a material is the maximum angle of incidence for which there is any refraction above this value light will be relected within the material - when light moves to a less dense medium, critical angle is the angle of incidence that results in an angle of refraction=90°
45
formulae to find refractive index
1/sin c
46
define total internal reflection
when light comes from a **more dense medium** with an **angle greater than the critical angle** , all the light will reflect back , reflection is inside the material
47
state some uses of total internal relfection
-endoscopes -optical fibers for communication optical fibers in decorative lamps - in safety reflector
48
extra how do optical fibres work
they transfer data in the form of light theough series of total internal reflection
49
range of human audible sound
20 to 20,000 Hz
50
range for ultrasounds
above 20,000 Hz
51
what will increase if the frequency increase
pitch
52
what will increase if the amplitude increases
loudness
53
extra- what is echo location
calculating the distance by detecting the time it takes for a wave to reflect from a barier divide time by 2
54
describe how the student could use the oscilloscope and microphone to determine the frequency of a sound
1) connect microphone to the oscilloscope 2) adjust the oscilloscope to give a minimum of one complete oscillation on the screen 3) measure the number of squares for a complete wave and multiply by time base 4) f = 1/T
55
what does an oscilloscope do
a device that will represent longitudinal waves as transverse waves.
56
wavelength is longer in (more dense / less dense ) medium
more dense
57
state the name of the process that seperates the colors in white light
dispersion of light
58
state the property of the glass of the prism that causes white light to be split into the different colors of the spectrum
transparent denser medium causes refraction of colors with different angles
59
state two uses of optical fibres
- to carry telephone signals - for medical imaging - specified lighting

Physics Edexcel IGCSE updated-2023 (10 decks)

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