Unit 3, What is true?

Question 1

DEFINITION OF TRUTH

Answer 1

The truth about an object or an idea is defined by how it agrees with reality; it is not altered by perception

Question 2

OBJECTIVE TRUTH

Answer 2

Without bias; truth that is not biased by personal perception

Question 3

SUBJECTIVE TRUTH

Answer 3

Truth that is colored by perception or opinion

Question 4

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE TRUTH

Answer 4

• Objective is ‘outer truth’(external) and Subjective is ‘inner truth’(internal)
• Objective is based on reality and Subjective is based on perception or preference

Question 5

INSULIN AND ICE-CREAM (OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE)

Answer 5

‘Insulin’ is needed for a diabetic patient, you have no choice but to take. It is not based on preference but reality because if not taken, death would occur. Unbias.

‘Ice-cream’ has many flavors, people have their own preference on what kind of flavors suit their taste. Bias.

Question 6

DEFINITION OF INCLUSIVE BELIEF

Answer 6

Can choose between multiple different options, but no singular is a right or wrong choice.

Question 7

DEFINITION OF EXCLUSIVE BELIEF

Answer 7

The belief system does not provide us with more than one option. We either choose one option or the other. We have no luxury of choosing two different contradictory options.

Question 8

RELATIVISM

Answer 8

Friedrich Nietzsche: “you have your way, and I have my way, but the idea that there is a right way simply does not exist.”

The belief that an objective standard of truth does not exist and that subjective perceptions are all equally valid.

Idea promotes that we can live in a world of contradictions and “multiple versions of truth.”

Question 9

PLURALISM

Answer 9

The worldview believes that two or more contradictory beliefs or systems of belief can simultaneously be true. Although opposed to one another, the two or more beliefs can still be true.

Question 10

INCLUSIVE, SUBJECTIVE, AND RELATIVISTIC “VS” OBJECTIVE AND EXCLUSIVE

Answer 10

Both worldviews cannot tolerate or find acceptable in each other’s worldview.

Question 11

BELIEF

Answer 11

An inner conviction about what we believe is true.

Question 12

VIEW OF PERFECTION IN MATERIALISM

Answer 12

Everyone has their own view of perfection. So everyone is already perfect. (Subjective)

Question 13

VIEW OF PERFECTION IN IDEALISM

Answer 13

The materialistic world is not perfect but, there is a world out there which is perfect. Don’t know where it is but it exist. Takes steps to achieve the perfection. To become perfect, the person must follow and be like the ‘being’ but, the ‘being’ is unknown. (objective)

Question 14

VIEW OF PERFECTION IN MONISM

Answer 14

Perfection is already in you but is yet to be discovered. A little bit of both, subjective and objective.

Question 15

VIEW OF PERFECTION IN THEISM

Answer 15

Goal is to be like the ‘being’ which is external. The ‘being’ is already perfect. The ‘being’ is known/revealed.

Question 16

VIEW OF MORALITY IN MATERIALISM

Answer 16

Everyone is their own so, everyone has their own morals. It is completely subjective.

Question 17

VIEW OF MORALITY IN IDEALISM

Answer 17

The moral is based on the ‘unknown being’ but, with people having different perception of the being, each moral of each person who believes in idealism will be different. It is objective but in reality is subjective.

Question 18

VIEW OF MORALITY IN MONISM

Answer 18

Morality already exist. It is within the person but, looking inward has many levels and this results in different perspective of morals. A group may think that the moral is ‘xyz’ but another group may think the moral is ‘udh’. May seem objective but is actually subjective.

Question 19

VIEW OF MORALITY IN THEISM

Answer 19

The ‘perfect known being’ defines what is moral. It is objective but can be mistakenly viewed as subjective. Reason is on how people perceive the moral. There will be many perceptions of the moral but, there will be only one moral which is perfect, just need to figure it out.

Question 20

LAW OF NON-CONTRADICTION, IMPORTANCE OF IT

Answer 20

States that something cannot be both true and not true at the same time within the same context. Truth cannot be an ‘either, or, and’.

Importance:
It important to define whether something is possible/logical or not.

A law that determines what is true.

Question 21

• LAW OF NON-CONTRADICTIONS, DAILY LIVES

Answer 21

How it applies to daily lives?

- How do u know if the water is good to drink? or if whether it is gonna rain today?

Question 22

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRUTH AND PERCEPTION

Answer 22

The relationship between both is: all truth are seen differently from each worldview but, the truth in reality still remains the same. It is not altered by the worldview.

Question 23

• IMPORTANCE OF TRUTH AND RESULT IF ONE FAILS TO DETERMINE TRUTH

Answer 23

Importance:
- Allows interaction with the world
Result if Fail to Determine Truth:
- Can’t interact in a meaningful way with the world
- One’s foundation of truth will be weak and will easily crumble

Question 24

MORALISM/ WHAT IS MORAL?

Answer 24

The idea of what is right and what is wrong.

Question 25

MATERIALISM

Answer 25

Only the material world exist, spiritual world doesn't.

Question 25

IDEALISM

Answer 25

Only the spiritual world exist, the material world is just a mere shadow/imperfect world of the spiritual world.

Question 26

MONISM

Answer 26

Both world, the material and spiritual exist but as one.

Question 27

THEISM

Answer 27

Both worlds, spiritual and material are independent. Both could communicate with one another.

Question 28

TELEOLOGICAL ARGUMENT

Answer 28

- Argument from the evidence of creation. - If something is so complex that it is incomprehensible or the chance of it to actually occur are impossible, therefore we can conclude that there is something or someone who put them there. An intelligent designer.

Question 29

COSMOLOGICAL ARGUMENT

Answer 29

- Evidence from cause and effect - Something that exist must have a cause or starting point, it cannot be created from nothing so therefore, a necessary ultimate “something” exists that created it.

Question 30

SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

Answer 30

- Energy is being used up - Everything in the universe is being broken down - Things move from order to disorder, not the other way around. Conclusion: The universe has a beginning and an end.

Question 31

MORAL ARGUMENT

Answer 31

- Evidence from the idea of objective moral standard and duties exist universally. - Objective moral standard exist, and that means that God exist because he is the definition of good and objective moral standard.

Question 32

ARGUMENT FROM DESIRE

Answer 32

Premise 1: Every natural, innate desire in us corresponds to some real object that can satisfy that desire. Premise 2: But there exists in us a desire which nothing in time, nothing on earth, no creature can satisfy. Conclusion: Therefore there must exist something more than time, earth and other creation, which can satisfy this desire.

Question 33

ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT

Answer 33

- If a great being possibly exist than it can be said it does exist, and if it exists in every world than it exists in the actual world - The being must be morally perfect, all powerful, and all knowing in every possible world - Must be logical

Question 34

PASCAL'S WAGER

Answer 34

- Inviting the individual to make a wager, a bet, a gamble, by analyzing advantage and disadvantage of believing in the existence of God. - Case 1 God doesn’t exists Both believer and non-believer will not lose or gain anything. - Case 2 God does exists Believer will win and non-believer will lose.