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Nursing 3 Exam 3 > Unit 30 Mood Disorders in Children > Flashcards

Unit 30 Mood Disorders in Children Flashcards

1
Q

Which 3 things is Mental Health marked by?

A
  • Cognition
  • Emotional stability
  • Socially acceptable coping skills and socialization within and outside of family
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2
Q

When does an emotional problem exist?

A

If behavioral manifestations:

  • Are not age appropriate
  • Deviate from cultural norms
  • Create deficits or impairments in adaptive functioning
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3
Q

What are risk factors for mood disorders in children?

A
  • Genetics
  • Biochemical
  • Pre and post natal: drugs, alcohol, toxins,, malnutrition, birth hypoxia, abuse, etc.
  • Temperament
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4
Q

What is temperament?

A
  • Behavior used to cope with environment that is genetic

- Born with it

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5
Q

What are family risk factors for mood disorders in children?

A
  • Low socioeconomic status
  • Severe family discord
  • Large families and overcrowding
  • Foster care placement
  • Maternal psych disorders
  • Parental criminality
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6
Q

What is true regarding risk factors and stressors in relation to mood disorders?

A

The greater the number of stressors the greater the risk of developing mood disorder

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7
Q

What is resilience?

A
  • The temperament to adapt to change
  • The ability to form nurturing relationships with other adults if parent in unavailable
  • Ability to distance themselves from emotional chaos of parent or family
  • Good social intelligence
  • Ability to problem solve
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8
Q

What is an important part of the first interview with a child?

A

The interactions between the child, the caregiver, and the siblings

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9
Q

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder and how is the diagnoses formed?

A
  • A disorder that is characterized by an impairment in social interaction skills and interpersonal communication with a restricted arsenal of activities and interests
  • The Dx is adapted to each individual by clinical and associated features like severity, verbal ability, intellectual disability, etc.
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10
Q

Briefly describe Autism.

A
  • It is a developmental disability
  • Children and adults exhibit atypical repetitive behaviors and deficits in social and communication skills
  • Dx BEFORE 3 years old
  • More prevalent in boys
  • Characterized by withdraw into self
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11
Q

What is SEEN in autism?

A
  • Speech abnormalities such as echolalia, unconventional word use, unusual tone pitch.
  • Difficulty with social interactions and communications (difficulty sharing feelings or information)
  • Difficulty understanding common nonverbal cues such as body language, eye contact, or facial expressions
  • Delay in or lack of development of spoken language
  • Unusual behaviors
  • Very resistant to changes in routine
  • Peculiar sustained play activites
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12
Q

What is echolalia?

A

Repetition of another person’s spoken words

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13
Q

What two medications are used in treating Autistic Disorder and what do they target?-

A 
resperidone
aripiprazole (Abilify) **they are atypical antipsychotics
These Rx's target:
Aggression
Deliberate self-injury
Temper Tantrums
Quickly changing moods

(Dosage based on weight and clinical response)
(Would use these Rx’s for serious symptoms)

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14
Q

What are common side effects of resperidone?

A
  • Drowsiness
  • Increased appetite
  • Nasal congestion
  • Fatigue
  • Constipation
  • Drooling***
  • Dizziness
  • Weight gain
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15
Q

What are common side effects of aripiprazole (Abilify)?

A

Sedation

Fatigue

Weight gain

Vomiting

Tremors

Somnolence (sleepiness, drowsiness)

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16
Q

Describe Asperger’s Disorder.

A

Shares the social deficits and behaviors of autism but DO NOT have a history of substantial cognitive or communication delays.

17
Q

Describe ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder).

A

-Persistent pattern on hyperactivity-impulsivity
or inattention that is more severe when compared to individuals at a comparable level of development

  • 3x more common in boys
  • Difficult to Dx before age 4
  • IMPULSIVE, distractible, excessive motor activity, failure to attend to detail, careless mistakes, not listening, avoiding or delaying tasks.
18
Q

What is the etiology of ADHD?

A

Unknown, but these factors could contribute:

  • Genetics
  • Biochemical decrease in dopamine and norepinephrine
  • Environmental lead exposure
  • Diet
  • Psychosocial
19
Q

As many as how many children with comorbid conditions such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, substance abuse disorder, conduct disorder, etc also have ADHD?

A

2/3 of children

20
Q

What is true regarding other conditions and ADHD together?

A

The other conditions for example such as anxiety, substance abuse disorder, etc must be stabilized before treating ADHD.

21
Q

Describe the types of medication used for ADHD, their side effects and warnings/other info.

A

[CNS stimulants - all the amphetamines]

Side effects: insomnia, weight loss, anorexia, tachycardia, decreased rate of growth and develop.

Warning! Monitor cardiovascular functioning carefully, psychiatric symptoms may worsen,
drug holiday necessary to determine effectiveness and need for continuation, break from Rx beneficial

atomoaxatine (Strattera)
[SNRI] selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

Side effects: Headache, NandV, upper abdominal pain,
dry mouth, weight loss, insomnia, tachycardia and increased BP, sexual dysfunction

Warning! Monitor cardiovascular and liver functioning carefully, psychiatric symptoms may worsen

bupropion (Wellbutrin)
[non-selective reuptake inhibitor]

Side effects: tachycardia, dizziness, shakiness, anorexia, weight loss, insomnia, nausea, constipation

**Warning! individuals with history of seizures or eating disorders should not take this medication

22
Q

What is important regarding medication for ADHD and behavior?

A

Behavior modification in conjunction with medication is essential,

don’t treat just with medication!!

23
Q

Describe conduct disorder and the 2 diagnosis.

A
  • Persistent pattern of behavior which the basic rights of other and major age-appropriate societal norms are violated
  • Bullying, cruelty to animals, fighting, setting fires, theft, more common in boys, physical aggression, difficult peer relationships, etc.

Dx: Childhood onset prior to age 10 (likely to be antisocial personality disorder after age 18)

Dx: Adolescent onset (less aggressive, more normal relationships)

24
Q

What are the predisposing factors to conduct disorder?

A
  • ADHD (meaning you see ADHD when a child has conduct disorder)
  • Parental rejection
  • Inconsistent parenting with harsh discipline
  • Early institutional living
  • Absent father
  • Antisocial or alcoholic parent
25
Q

What is Oppositional Defiant Disorder and some signs/symptoms of it?

A

-Pattern on negativism, defiance, disobedience, and hostile behavior TOWARDS AUTHORITY.

  • Begins by age 8
  • No violation of the right of others
  • Enuresis
  • Encopresis (constipation/diarrhea)
  • Mutism
  • Running away
  • Eating and sleeping problems
  • Temper tantrums
26
Q

How is Oppositional Defiant Disorder characterized?

A

By passive-aggressive behaviors such as:

  • Stubbornness
  • Procrastination
  • Disobedience
  • Carelessness
  • Negativism
  • Testing limits
  • School avoidance
  • Deliberately ignoring others
27
Q

What are Conduct Disorder and ODD interventions?

A
  • Maintain safety of child and others
  • Help child develop internal limits through problem solving and self-responsibility
  • Cognitive techniques of self-talk to decrease impulsivity
  • De-escalation of aggression
  • Parental training
  • Antipsychotics (for ODD needs to be severe)
28
Q

Describe Tourette’s Syndrome, the predisposing factors, and the general medications used.

A
  • Presence of multiple tics or one or more vocal tics
  • Tics may appear simultaneously or at different periods during illness
  • Tics may involve head, torso, limbs, eye blinking, etc
  • Presence of tics marked by distress
  • Onset before 18; more common in boys

Meds used: antipsychotics, alpha agonists

Predisposing factors:

  • Genetics
  • Biochemical
  • Structural
29
Q

What is Palilalia?

A

Repeated words, phrases, or sentences.

*Can be seen with Tourette’s Syndrome

30
Q

Describe separation anxiety disorder and the signs and symptoms.

A
  • Excessive anxiety concerning separation from home or from those to whom the person is attached
  • Anxiety exceeds that of developmental level and interferes with functioning

Tantrums, crying, screaming, complaints of physical problems, clinging, nightmares/night terrors, fear of harm to self or attachment figure, school reluctance or refusal

31
Q

In general, what are therapeutic modalities for children and adolescents?

A
  • Family therapy
  • Time-outs
  • Milieu therapy
  • Behavior modification
  • Group play therapy
  • Dramatic play therapy
  • Therapeutic games
  • Bibliotherapy (book that help with issues)
  • Music therapy
  • Art therapy

Nursing 3 Exam 3 (8 decks)

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