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DENTAL NURSE > Unit 304- anatomy > Flashcards

Unit 304- anatomy Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

name the tooth structures

A

-alveolar bone
-lamina dura
-periodontal ligament
-cementum
-dentin
-pulp chamber
-nerves and blood supply

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2
Q

what crystals and how much is in enamel

A

96% and calcium phosphate hydroxyapatite

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3
Q

what is primary and secondary dentin

A

primary- forms before tooth eruption
secondary- forms after tooth eruption

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4
Q

what is homeostasis

A

maintaining body temp

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5
Q

heart valves in order from the right atrium

A

1- tricuspid
2- pulmonary
3- mitral
4- aortic

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6
Q

what is heartbeat called

A

sinoatrial node/pacemaker

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7
Q

function of capillaries

A

one cell thick to release oxygen to tissues

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8
Q

what is internal respiration terms of co2

A

co2 passes into capillaries as waste product

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9
Q

what is external respiration

A

co2 released into lungs to be breathed out

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10
Q

when is pressure of blood high and low

A

high=systole
low=diastole

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11
Q

what device to measure blood pressure

A

sphygmomanometer

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12
Q

artery and vein adaptions

A

artery- elastic
vein- valves to prevent back flow

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13
Q

when is haemoglobin picked up by red blood cells erythrocytes

A

external respiration and then released to tissues in internal

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14
Q

where are leucocytes made

A

bone marrow and lymph nodes

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15
Q

what is plasma function

A

fluid that carries blood cells like red, white, hormones, forms plasma proteins globulins, transports waste products to kidney

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16
Q

what is expiration

A

respiratory of waste product co2 from body

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16
Q

how much co2 in expired air

A

4%

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17
Q

how much o2 in expired air

A

16%

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18
Q

how much o2 breathed in

A

21%

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19
Q

inspiring and expiring explained muscles etc

A

in
-contract muscles
-high volume
-curved diaphragm
-low atmospheric pressure

out
-relax muscles
-low volume
-flat diaphragm
-high atmospheric pressure

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20
Q

what is cilia

A

micro hair like projections trap dust and dirt

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21
Q

what is peristalsis

A

pushing food down the throat muscular action

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22
Q

how does stomach acid get neutralised and where

A

bile made in the liver and used in gall bladder

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23
Q

what is function of the liver

A

-stores and makes bile
-detoxifies alcohol
-stores vitamins
-stores carbohydrates

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23
what are 2 peripheral nerves
sensory -pain, temp, taste, touch, smell motor -somatic (musculoskeletal), autonomic impulses to organs, enteric impulses to gastro movement
24
whats function of the pancreas
-passing enzymes to small intestine -release insulin and glucagon
25
what 2 elements in the neurone
potassium inside and sodium on the outside
26
what are the 2 layers called that cover brain and spinal cord
meninges CSF- acts as a shock absorber
27
what are the 4 lobes
frontal parietal temporal occipital
28
what is cerebellum for and where
balance and posture back of brain
28
medulla oblongata (3) and where
heart rate, respiration, stress middle region
29
what is the foramen magnum and where
nerve tissue opening that passes to the spine and pelvis base of medulla oblongata
30
name 4/12 dental cranial nerves
5-trigeminal 7-facial 9-glossopharyngeal 12-hypoglossal
31
name all 12 cranial nerves
1-olfactory- smell 2-optic- sight 3-oculomotor- eye muscle 4-trochlear- eye muscle 5-trigeminal- oral soft tissues and muscles of mastification 6-abducens- external eye muscles 7-facial- tongue, facial expressions, salivary glands 8-auditory- hearing 9-glossopharyngeal- taste, tongue, salivary glands, swallowing 10-vagus- abdominal 11- accessory- neck and larynx 12-hypoglossal- tongue muscles
32
what are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve
ophthalmic maxillary madibular
33
name 3 maxillary superior dental nerves and where
anterior- upper incisor middle- premolar to half first molar posterior- half first molar to third
34
where does the greater palatine and nasopalatine supply sensation
GP-upper molar to half canine NP-half canine to incisor
35
where does the maxillary nerve leave foramen the skull at and where to option 1
foramen rotundum orbit (eye socket) posterior and palatine branches
36
what foramen does the maxillary nerve leave through the orbit and supplies where
infraorbital foramen middle, anterior, eyelid, upper lip
37
where does the NP pass through foramern in nasal cavityand supply to
incisive foramen anterior, middle
38
where does mandibular lower nerve emerge through foramen from the skull
ovale foramen
39
where does inferior dental nerve supply
-all lower teeth just not buccal of molar teeth -lower lip
40
where does lingual nerve supply
-lingual of lower teeth -floor of mouth
41
where does long buccal nerve supply
buccal of lower molar
42
where does mental nerve supply and go through
lower lip, buccal mucosa mental foramen
43
when mandibular passes what side of ramus and between what
inner side of ramus between medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
44
where does the inferior dental nerve enter through what is is guarded by
mandibular foramen lingula
45
how many bones in maxilla and mandibular
2 2
46
how many face bones
6 +2 unpaired
47
trachea stopped from collapsing by its
cartilage rings
48
what nerve also passes through incisive foramen other name
long sphenopalatine nerve
49
what duct that passes into upper second molar buccal sulcus
stenson
50
what is the artery that provides to the head and neck
common cartoid artery
51
what foramen is found in occiptal bone and exits brain to spine
magnum
51
name all 6 cranium bones
1- frontal- eyes forehead 2- parietal- sides 3- temporal- lower sides 4- occipital- back 5- sphenoid- base 6- ethmoid- nose
52
what does the base of the cranium articulate with
topmost bone of vertebral the atlas allowing nodding
53
outer and inner layer of bones
outer- compact bone with foramina (openings for nerve and blood vessels) inner- cancellous bone (spongey light structure)
54
2 ways blood vessels (head and neck) pass through
- foramina - fissures (natural spaces)
55
what bone is behind the nasal cavity
vomer
56
what bone inner wall of eye sockets
lacrimal
57
what bone is curled in the nasal cavity and increase contact of inspired air
nasal turbinates
58
name for sinus
maxillary antrum
59
what foramen supplies back of palate
greater and lesser palatine
59
what foramen supplies upper teeth
infraorbital
60
what is the muscle that attaches to the floor of the mouth
mylohyoid ridge
61
where does TMJ connect with temporal bone
head of condyle
62
what is the dip called between coronoid process and condyle
sigmoid notch
63
when mouth is shut where does condyle rest
glenoid fossa
64
what disc prevents the TMJ from bone rubbing grating against eachother
meniscus
65
movemenets of gliding, rotational, lateral
g- forward and back r- up and down l- side to side
66
when the mouth is open what happens with condyle
slides down the glenoid fossa and articular eminece
67
what happens when you cannot close mouth
condyle slips too far of the articular eminence
68
what is trismus
muscle spasms cant open mouth fully
69
what is crepitus
popping of air bubbles in the jaw
70
what is the insertion of temporalis
coronoid process
71
4 muscles of mastication and explained and insertion
1- temporalis back and closed (coronoid) 2- masseter closes (outer ramus) 3- lateral forward to bite tip to tip (condyle) 4- medial closes (inner ramus)
72
what are suprahyoid muscles for
mouth open and swallowing
73
suprahyoid 3 muscles explained and insertion
1- anterior digastric open mouth (mental symphysis) 2- mylohyoid open mouth (hyoid bone) 3- geniohyoid open mouth (hyoid bone)
74
muscle that protracts and closes lip
orbicularis oris
75
whats the cheek muscle
buccinator
76
what is trigeminal neuralgia
effects sensory nerves causes muscle spasms, pain, facial trigger
77
what do external and internal carotid artery supply
external- face and oral internal- brain and eyes
78
what is external and internal jugular veins
external- drain extra cranial tissues internal- drain of brain head neck tissues
79
elbow joint pulse
brachial pulse
80
relases iron and produce haemologin is by the
stomach
81
two nerves that supply taste to the brain
facial and glossopharyngeal
82
where does inferioir dental nerve leave
mental foramen
83
which muscle runs in throat to the inner surafec of mental symphysis
anterior digastric
84
which crainal nerve allows speech and breaddown of food to the pharynx
hypoglossal
85
where does carotid artieries branch from
aorta
86
jugular veins drain into
superior vena cava
87
which crainum nerve support supra and muscles of mastification
trigeminal

DENTAL NURSE (12 decks)

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