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Chemistry HL > Unit 3a S2.1 & S2.2 > Flashcards

Unit 3a S2.1 & S2.2 Flashcards

1
Q

name the 4 types of intermolecular forces in order from weakest -> strongest

A

LDF < Dipole Induced Dipole < Dipole-Dipole < Hydrogen bonding

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2
Q

factors that affect magnitude of LDF

A

n of electrons, M shape, vol electron cloud?

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3
Q

requirements to form a hydrogen bond

A
  1. highly electronegative element (FON)
  2. non-bonding pair of electrons
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4
Q

molecule size effect on solubility

A

bigger molecule = less soluble

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5
Q

Rf

A

distance traveled by substance/distance traveled by solvent

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6
Q

coordination bond

A

shared pair of electrons from one of the atoms

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7
Q

< 8 electrons exceptions

A

B (Boron) = 6
Be (Beryllium) = 4
H (Hydrogen) = 2

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8
Q

Electronegativities and bond type

A

Ionic: Δχp > 1.8
Non-polar covalent: Δχp = 0
Polar covalent: 0 < Δχp < 1.8

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9
Q

tetrahedral angle

A

109.5*

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10
Q

Trigonal pyramidal angle

A

107*

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11
Q

bent tetrahedral angle

A

104.5*

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12
Q

allotropes

A

silicon and silicon dioxide and carbon’s allotropes: diamond, graphite, fullerenes and graphene.

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13
Q

Benzene evidence

A

tbw

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14
Q

sp

A

EDG: linear

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15
Q

sp2

A

EDG: trigonal planar

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16
Q

sp3

A

EDG: tetrahedral

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17
Q

ionic bond

A

electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged
ions

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18
Q

covalent bond

A

electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the positively charged nuclei

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19
Q

ALL Ionic compounds are Lattice Structures (True or False)

A

True

20
Q

EDG = 5 domains
EDG? MG? Angles?

A

EDG = trigonal bipyramidal
MG = trigonal bipyramidal
120* & 90*

21
Q

EDG = 5 domains, 1 lone pair
EDG? MG? Angles?

A

EDG = trigonal bipyramidal
MG = see-saw
<120* & <90*

22
Q

EDG = 5 domains, 2 lone pairs
EDG? MG? Angles?

A

EDG = trigonal bipyramidal
MG = T-shape
<90*

23
Q

EDG = 5 domains, 3 lone pairs
EDG? MG? Angles?

A

EDG = trigonal bipyramidal
MG = Linear
180*

24
Q

EDG = 6 domains
EDG? MG? Angles?

A

EDG = octahedral
MG = octahedral
90*

25
Q

EDG = 6 domains, 1 lone pair
EDG? MG? Angles?

A

EDG = octahedral
MG = square pyramidal
<90*

26
Q

EDG = 6 domains, 2 lone pairs
EDG? MG? Angles?

A

EDG = octahedral
MG = square planar
90*

27
Q

EDG = 6 domains, 3 lone pairs
EDG? MG? Angles?

A

EDG = octahedral
MG = T-shape
<90*

28
Q

EDG = 6 domains, 4 lone pairs
EDG? MG? Angles?

A

EDG = octahedral
MG = Linear
180*

29
Q

bond strength and length
(shortest -> longest)
(weakest -> strongest)

A

triple < double < single
single < double < triple

30
Q

Sulphate

A

SO4 2-

31
Q

Phosphate

A

PO4 3-

32
Q

Nitrate

A

NO3 -

33
Q

Carbonate

A

CO3 2-

34
Q

Hydroxide

A

OH -

35
Q

Hydrogen Carbonate

A

HCO3 -

36
Q

Ammonium

A

NH4 +

37
Q

Properties of Lattice Structure

A

Only conducts electricity when molten or dissolved. Low volatility (high melting point). Soluble in water.

38
Q

< 8 electrons exceptions

A

B (Boron) = 6
Be (Beryllium) = 4
H (Hydrogen) = 2

39
Q

Allotropes
+ examples

A

different forms of the same element
C = diamond, graphite, graphene fullerene (C60), Silicon (Dioxide)

40
Q

Diamond properties
(electrical & thermal conductivity, geometry, volatility, etc)

A

e = non-conductor
th = non-conductor
sp3 tetrahedral (109.5*)
low volatility (↑melting point)
very hard

41
Q

Graphite properties
(electrical & thermal conductivity, geometry, volatility, etc)

A

e = conductor
th = not good conductor
sp2 trigonal planar (120*)
low volatility (↑ melting point)
delocalized electrons between layers (LDFs only)
lubricant

42
Q

Graphene
(electrical & thermal conductivity, geometry, volatility, etc)

A

conductor
conductor
trigonal planar (120*)
low volatility (↑ melting point)
strongest material in the world

43
Q

Fullerene (C60)
(electrical & thermal conductivity, geometry, volatility, etc)

A

insulator
N/A
trigonal planar (120*)

44
Q

Silicon
(electrical & thermal conductivity, geometry, volatility, etc)

A

semi-conductor
conductor ?
tetrahedral (109.5*)
low volatility (↑ melting point)
grey crystal

45
Q

Silicon Dioxide
(electrical & thermal conductivity, geometry, volatility, etc)

A

non-conductor
insulator ?
tetrahedral (109.5*)
low volatility (↑ melting point)
glass

Chemistry HL (5 decks)

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