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AP Gov > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

American core values

A 
Individualism
equality of opportunity
free enterprise
rule of law
limited government
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2
Q

political culture

A

dominant set of beliefs, customs, traditions, and values that define the relationship btwn citizens /gov

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3
Q

individualism

A

belief that indivs should be responsible for themselves and for the decisions they make

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4
Q

equality of opportunity

A

everyone should have the chance to succeed on their own effort
not the same as equality of result

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5
Q

free enterprise/laissez-faire

A

econ system in which gov intrudes as little as possible in the econ transactions among citizens and businesses
(gov doesn’t set wages/price/production- left to indivs & businesses)

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6
Q

equality and ______ contradict

A

freedom

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7
Q

rule of law

A

principle that nobody, including public officials, is above the law

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8
Q

components of rule of law

A

fair trials, impartial juries, decisions based on precedent, transparency of government operations

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9
Q

limited gov

A

humans have inherent rights that the gov can’t take away

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10
Q

components of limited government

A

checks and balances/ written constitution, federalism, BoR

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11
Q

political socialization

A

experiences and factors that help shape an individual’s political values, attitudes, and behaviours

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12
Q

political ideology

A

individual’s coherent set of beliefs abt gov and politics

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13
Q

What is the most important fact to the process of political socialization?

A

family

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14
Q

Role of education in pollitics

A

helps to transmit norms, teach American civics, intro students to political participation/ volunteering

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15
Q

Trends in religion/politics

A

Catholics/ Jews more lib than Protestants, more liberal than Evangelicals
white Catholics–> Trump
Hisp Cath –> Clinton
Muslims typically more Dem

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16
Q

Role of churches in politics

A

churches infl bc of doctrinal pos, social interactions btwn members
civic engagement= dev skills & experience in organizing/ pub speaking/ fundraising/ interactions w gov officials

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17
Q

generational effect

A

impact of historical events exp by a generation upon their political views

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18
Q

life-cycle effect

A

the impact of a person’s age and stage in life on his or her political views

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19
Q

Millenial’s political infl

A

terrorism

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20
Q

Baby Boomer’s political infl

A

Vietnam/ Watergate Scandal

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21
Q

Older v Younger political engagement

A

older more politically engaged than younger

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22
Q

globalization

A

inc interconnected of people, businesses, and countries throughout the world
blurs lines btwn international/ domestic politics

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23
Q

International superpowers

A

US
China- econ/ military
Russia- asserts interests in Europe

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24
Q

organizations w/ global impact

A
  • multinational corporations
  • nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
  • intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)
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25
multinational corporations
companies that make/ transport/ market goods in 2+ countries
26
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
independent groups outside of the gov that work towards a public cause
27
intergovernmental organizations
challenge sovereignty of countries | European Union/ World Trade Organization
28
Free trade
imposes few restrictions on flow of goods/ services across global borders
29
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
FTA btwn US, Canada, Mexico
30
Who criticized NAFTA? Why?
Trump administration; b/c of cost of American manufacturing jobs
31
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)
regional FTA trade agreement btwn 12 nations
32
Who endorsed the TPP? Who left it?
Obama; Trump
33
Result of free trade
of service jobs have increased, lower prices for consumers
34
link btwn globalization and democracy
g can encourage d states must reach certain level of d to be accepted in intl organizations watchdog NGOs hold authoritarian regimes acct to global audience cits of these countries have access to tech that allows them to better question their gov
35
outsourcing
when a company moves its business to a place where labor costs are cheaper or production is more efficient b/c workers work longer hrs
36
consequences of outsourcing
loss of domesting jobs may lower env and labor standards in foreign countries weakens traditional cultures connects ppl/ groups w neg and dangerous intentions
37
public opinion
sum of idivs attitudes abt gov, policies, and issues
38
"take a knee"
refusing of stand for the national anthem in the protest of racism; became political as American public opinion differed over the issue of race and respect for American custom
39
components of public opinion
indiv's own beliefs and attitudes | the blending of the preferences into a larger concept
40
Other cues that help sway public opinion
party preference | political ideology
41
two basic requirements for an effective rep dem
- must have opinions able to be communicated to reps (elections measure preference/ focus groups) - elected officials must respond to these expressed preferences
42
focus groups
a small group of individuals assembled for a conversation abt specific issues
43
scientific poll
takes into acct a rep sample of randomly selected respondents with a statistically sig sample size, using neutral language
44
sample
a group of individuals from a larger population used to measure public opinion
45
Random selection
a method of choosing all poll respondents in a way that does not over- or under-represent any group of the population
46
Representative sample
a sample that reflects the demographics of the population
47
weighting
used to results of a survey according to the demographics of the larger population.
48
sampling error
the margin of error in a poll which is usually calculated to plus or minus three percentage points
49
Entrance survey
poll conducted of people who are coming into an event
50
Exit polls
survey conducted following an event or at a polling place after individuals have voted, asking who or what individuals voted for and why
51
Benchmark polls
a survey taken at the beginning of a political campaign in order to gauge support for a candidate and determine which issues are important to voters.
52
Tracking polls
determine level of support for a candidate or issue over the length of a campaign
53
Random digit dialing
uses telephone numbers randomly generated by computer to select respondents
54
Question order
the sequencing of questions in public opinion polls
55
Question wording
the phrasing of a question in a public opinion poll
56
________ are negative campaign tactics meant to skew the respondent's opinion of a candidate
Push polls
57
Most effective predictor of public opinion
party ID
58
Divisions of public opinion
racial, ethnic, gender, socioeconomic and age lines
59
polls are used by________
researchers, candidates, elected officials, interest groups, and media
60
purpose of polls
to measure Americans’ viewpoints about government and politics
61
political ideology
a set of beliefs abt the desired goals and outcomes of a process of governance
62
Americans share _____ but disagree over desired ____________
values; policymaking
63
right
something guaranteed; gov can't take away
64
privilege
something a person may obtain/ receive, but the gov can take away
65
party ID
an individual's attachment to a political party
66
conservatism
ideology favoring more control of social behavior, fewer regs on businesses & less gov interference in the economy
67
liberalism
an ideology favoring very little government regulation and intervention beyond protecting private property & individual liberty
68
D basic values
- liberty of privacy - order in gun regulation - protect liberties of the accused - pro- choice - favor tax inc
69
R basic values
- liberty in the marketplace - order in immigration - stronger punishment for offenders - pro- life - favor tax cuts for business
70
laissez- faire
economic policy in which governments intrude as little as possible in the econ transactions btwn cits and businesses
71
command and control economy
economic policy in which gov dictates much of the nation's economic activity, incl the amt of production and the price of food
72
mixed econ
economic policy in which many economic conditions are left to individuals and businesses, w/ the gov regulating econ activity
73
What determines economic health?
- gross domestic policy | - unemployment rate
74
_______ guides econ policy
econ health
75
gross domestic policy (GDP)
the total value of goods and services produced by an economy
76
econ recession
two consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth
77
unemployment rate
the % of people actively looking but unable to find jobs
78
inflation
the rise in the prices of goods and services
79
consumer price index (CPI)
the cost of a fixed basket of goods and services over time, used to measure the cost of living
80
When were Keynes works published?
During the Great Depression
81
Boom
people spend more, invest unwisely
82
Bust
cut back on spending & investing, exacerbation contraction
83
According to Keynes, what drives business cycles
individual decisions regarding saving and soending
84
According to Keynes, what should the gov do to help a bust
inject more money into the economy
85
Which policies & under which admins did the gov inject money into the econ?
``` New Deal- FDR (D) Recovery Act (Obama) (D) ```
86
supply side theory/ reaganomics
lower taxes to help businesses regenerate
87
critics of reaganomics
trickle down econ: the wealthy will benefit, unlikely these benefits will make their way to individuals not directly impacted by lower tax rates
88
proponents of reaganomics
excessive taxation drags down economy and growth of businesses
89
fiscal policy
gov use of taxes and spending to attempt to lower unemployment, support econ growth, and stabilize the economy

AP Gov (3 decks)

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