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Close Relationships and Human Sexuality (EPSY-305-200) > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Issues w/ data from childhood and adolescence

A

-Comes from self reports and interviews
-There is little data
-Controversial topic
-Children are vulnerable

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2
Q

Longitudinal Study

A

Over a long period (years)
-Strong confidence in results (well sampled)
-Able to see developmental changes

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3
Q

Observational Study

A

-Very little data
-Hard to perform
-Part of socialization and learning
-Shame role
-Inaccurate data

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4
Q

Sexual Response from infancy to preschool

A

Sexual response occurs even in utero and infancy
-Erection in male
-Reports of vaginal lubrication in F infant hours after birth
-Infant F orgasm possible

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5
Q

Psychosexual Development Inf-PreS

A

-Intimacy w/ children is normal and should be seen as so
-Children can set their own boundaries

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6
Q

Masturbation/Self Stim in Inf-PreS

A

Shaming masturbation is positive reinforcement for:
-DEC in behavior
-Shame and guilt feelings
-Hiding actions
-M VS F value learned
*M valued more
*Encouraged to follow masc or femm roles
*F learn inferiority

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7
Q

Masturbation is taught as

A

-“If it feels good, its bad”
*Around this time 50% children engage in self-stim
-Negative attitude = Shame/anxiety = secrecy = guilt
-Healthy messages should be used

-M masturbate earlier and more than F

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8
Q

Role of Family During Childhood: nudity

A

-Children are often nude:
*Younger = more acceptable
*Gender difference in acceptance of nudity
*Socialization role
-What do if they walk in on you?
-Respect their privacy

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9
Q

Attachment

A

Early attachment reflects adult attachment style
-INC physical affection = INC adult sex life quality
-Teaching children their body is THEIRS
*Creation of boundaries
-Instilling confidence and self worth
-Listen and trust a child that confides in you about abuse
*They are loved and it is not their fault

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10
Q

Child-Child Sexual Encounter

A

Playing Doctor - Children exposing genitalia and/or fondling them
*Ask what they’re doing (Chances are they don’t know)
*Don’t shame them

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11
Q

Lack of Hetero Behavior (~6-11)

A

-M&F separate
*Cooties!
-Role in understanding gender
-Socialization

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12
Q

Bio & Social function of gender separation in childhood

A

-11-12 M&F in same-sex interaction
-Adrenarche
-M more likely to engage in this behavior
*circle jerk
-Most children having some sort of consensual sexual experience

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13
Q

Adrenarche

A

DHEA INC andgrogen
-~10yo

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14
Q

Childhood Sexualization

A

Sexuality is inappropriately imposed on children & they’re valued because of it
-F more effected than M
-Learning that sexual = value

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15
Q

Childhood sexualization and learning

A

-Learning INC value from sexuality = INC sexual behavior
-INC chance of later getting plastic surgery
-Grades/career suffer from worrying about appearance
-DEC in self-esteem, INC body issues
-Lead to too early sex and bad relationships
-INC chance of engaging in risky sexual behavior

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16
Q

Sexual Interest During Adolescence (12-18)

A

INC sexual interest
-Strong correlation between T levels and sexual activity
-T correlation in F but much weaker than M
*Stronger w/ absent father
-Permissive attitudes = INC chance of engaging in sex
-Religiosity effect
*F w/ INC religiosity = DEC sex

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17
Q

Masturbation During Adolescence

A

-M more than F
-M spike ~14

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18
Q

Social Influences During adolescence

A

Parents, friends, then teachers
-Teens are more likely to listen to friend’s advice

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19
Q

Media and Sexuality

A

Shown as heteronormative, casual, unsafe, and usually while drunk!
-Alcohol consumption = bad sex
*Hard to stop sex because “alcohol = sex”
-Overall mixing the two leads to bad decisions and impulsivity

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20
Q

Media and Sexuality II

A

-Learning from media = INC chance of engaging in risky or drunk sex
-INC porn viewing = INC chance of engaging in sex the following year
*Learning of sexual script

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21
Q

If they AREN’T having sex, why? (15-19yo)

A

1) Don’t want to get pregnant

#2) Against their morals/religion
#3) Haven’t found the right person

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22
Q

If they ARE having sex, why? (15-19yo)

A

1) Social pressure/status, to achieve masc., ect.

-M have INC pressure, F have INC anxiety
#2) Pleasure, feels good
#3) Relationship goals

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23
Q

Same-Gendered Sex (15-19)

A

Same-gendered sex doesn’t usually happen around this age
-7% F, 2% M, somehow equals out to ~5% overall

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24
Q

Too Early Sex

A

Sex before the age of 15

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25
Consequences of too early sex
-Likely to not use condom -Likely INC of future partners -Risk of STDs -F less likely to later marry (10yrs later) *Mate value gone down?
26
Predictors of too early sex
-Parental Issues *DEC monitoring *Not living w/ parents *What parents teach -Physical Development *INC, especially in F than M -Education acquisition -Media consumption -Self-esteem
27
Cross Culture too early sex
11% having too early sex in US -Is very high in S American countries *Africa *Influence on resource availability
28
Pros and Cons of the Adolescent Brain
Pros: -Nucleus Accumbens - Senses what we like -Amygdala - Emotions -INC creativity and adventurism Cons: -Pre-frontal cortex - Makes rational decisions *Slow to develop
29
Data of Early Adulthood
-Survey/sampling bias as taken from college students -Participation bias of volunteers -Is heteronormative in nature 90% by age 25-
30
Influences on the likelihood of having intercourse
-Stress -Goal attainment *Social status *revenge sex -Emotions *Love and commitment *Make you feel better -Insecurity *Feel better about self
31
Frequency of sex in young adults
Those 18-29, there a 50% rise of people NOT having sex -DEC weekly, INC monthly -Overall downward trend of those having sex and how frequently
32
Influences on Frequency of sex in young adults
-Stress and use of antidepressants *Obesity *Diabetes *Risk of seen as rude -Technology -Porn in media *Bad expectations -"Hesitant M" *Is doubtful -Living w/ Parents *economy
33
Diverse Sex Lives of College Yrs and Adulthood
Active and unprotected -INC partners = DEC importance -MOD satisfaction
34
Diverse Sex Lives... Satisfied Group
Satisfied Group -Regular sex = DEC importantce -Satisfied w/ when they get it -DEC in partners, INC in safety
35
Diverse Sex Lives... Inactive Group
-Low/no frequency -Low importance -Low satisfaction
36
Diverse Sex Lives... Pressure Group
-DEC satisfaction -Frequently COERCED into sex (partner or social script)
37
Hooking Up
Intercourse, foreplay, ect -Not easy to define -Varies person to person -M INC comfort w/ oral or vaginal intercourse -F INC comfort w/ activity above the waist
38
Friends w/ Benefits
Friends who may be sexually intimate -Someone w/ previous connection, then sex -NO commitment
39
Fuck Buddy
Only sex, no relationship or friendship -No emotional connection
40
Expectations for a romantic relationship after...
FwB - INC chance Hook ups - Very low *may lead to fuck buddies
41
Predictors of Casual Sex after hook up
-Obtained feelings after casual sex -If you already knew them
42
Hooking up and cognitive dissonance
When discrepancy occurs between two attitudes &/or behaviors -INC stress -May lead to lying to self
43
Does hooking up = bad sex?
Generally, yes -Magnifies O gap and DEC pleasure *M more likely to O than F -Receiving oral *DEC chance for F in hook up or general -INC chance of coercion during hook ups
44
Alcohol and Sex (College-YA)
-Gender threatened = INC alcohol consumption *INC impulsive and risky behavior/sex -Alcohol Myopia - Focused on present, no concern of future
45
Consequences of alcohol and sex (college-YA)
-F DEC chance of obtaining O *If they do, its less intense/pleasurable -M cannot turn off erection (if they get one) if consuming alcohol -M DEC chance of erection and cognitive control
45
Consequences of alcohol and sex II (college-YA)
-Alcohol w/ casual sex = DEC satisfaction, especially F's -Alcohol w/ sex = sexual regret -INC drinks = INC chance of coitus (esp. risky P-vag or P-anal) -INC alcohol = Bad/DEC communication = INC rape or sexual coercion *Less blame on M, more for F
46
Casual Sex (College YA)
-Seen as: M = Stud, F = whore -INC loneliness after *More F than M *Social role in no M communication *Peers find M get sad/offended
47
Age of Marriage
-M > F to marry -We are marrying later *M may b/c of INC resources -In W culture, love is the main reason for marriage
48
Serial Monogomy
Having more than 1 monogamous sexual relationship -1/4 do this *Potential learning opportunity
49
Cohabitation
Living w/ romantic partner before marriage -INC in occurrence *Religion playing less of a role *DEC in marriages overall -Test-run for partner -Consistency Principal - Make a decision, stick to it
50
Cohabitation Disadvantages
-Unconsciously knowing you can leave -More likely to stay for convenience -Doubt of marriage caused by cohabitation -Role of having a child together *Better benefits from staying not married
51
Singleism
Stigma that theres something wrong w/ them -Someone wants to date you = INC worth -Stigma of: casual sex = fun! *M rewarded, F DEC in value *Societal pressure for M to date (gay if not!)
52
Use of technology in relationships
-DEC intimacy -Role of environment -Burn out from unsuccessful relationships *Learning theory
53
What do M tend to find attractive in F?
-Physique *Hip to breast ratio and fat distribution *Signs of reproductive fitness
54
What do F tend to find attractive in M?
-Physique *Adams apple *Shoulder hip ratio and fat distribution *Signs of reproductive fitness -Resources
55
Homophily
Liking those of the same status -In group *Genetic similarities -Learning *Promotes our ego *+ reinforcement, implicit egoism -Varying types of "philys" Racial *White / white (DOM culture) *Asians = INC chance of being w/ not same race *Beats all over 'philys SEC
56
Being attractive influencing your life
INC attraction = INC popularity = INC dates -Only for F *Femm theory *Sexualization based on appearance *Pretty privilege *Valued b/c reproductive fitness (in exchange for resources?)
57
Mere-Exposure Effect
INC time/exposure to someone = INC in attraction to them *Opposite happens for those w/ aversive features
58
Being attractive influencing life II
-INC benefits in HS and life in general -Stereotype of beauty = good -INC attention and mental health -Starts EARLY
59
Bio differences and attraction
F have more at risk when they reproduce -Big investment -F child rear, M just impregnate
60
Different mating patterns
M are sexually promiscuous to spread genes, F are choosey to get best genes -Traditional cultures, M valued for power (resources), F valued for beauty -Egalitarian cultures, F have INC resources, M are NOW more valued for their beauty -We like those who activate our positive self-views
61
When to be vigilant for attractiveness? (Socio-bio theory)
-Younger = INC attraction = regular and reproductively healthy -M&F INC chance of engaging in risky sex w/ those INC in attractiveness -We like facial symmetry, ≠ reproductive fitness tho
62
Other things we find attractive
-Influence of odor *Objective *Turn OFF if we don't like *Pheromones *INC attractiveness = Seen to smell good -Body type *hip to waist ratio = 0.7 in W culture, 0.8 in not -Breast size *med > Lg > XL > small (British men) -Muscularity *Not too much (Seen as DOM, aggressive, volatile) *Shoulder to hip ratio *Effect of mating status
63
Penis size and attraction
-No substantial differences in races -No correlation w/ hands or feet -Attractiveness doesn't INC after 3in when flaccid -Girth > length *nerve endings in lower third of vagina -Vagina expands to 5-6in aroused *Average penis size is 5.2-5.3in *M overstate in self reports -Penis size is INC overall in M *Evolution and hyper MASC *Earlier puberty

Close Relationships and Human Sexuality (EPSY-305-200) (4 decks)

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