Unit 4 Flashcards by Joriel Delgadillo

After a barium sulfate contrast study, what instructions should be given to the patient?

Patients should have Solu-Medrol (methylprednisolone) prescribed to them in case they have an allergic reaction to the contrast 8 hours after the exam.

Patients should take nitrogylcerin to dilate the structures of the gastrointestinal system.

Drink plenty of liquids to avoid a bowel obstruction from the residual barium.

Be sure to eat a fatty meal to increase motility of the digestive system.

Drink plenty of liquids to avoid a bowel obstruction from the residual barium.

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Which of the following is considered a negative contrast agent?

Carbon dioxide
Renografin
Isovue

Carbon dioxide

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Contrast media that dissociates in solution is classified as:

None of these
Ionic
Nonionic
Isosmolar

Ionic

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Contrast media that are nonionic, have low osmolality with a low iodine concentration, and are injected slowly tend:

to cause extravasations
to produce hygroscopic effects
to produce higher adverse reactions
to produce less adverse reactions

to produce less adverse reactions

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Which item would be included in the bowel prep for an Upper GI exam?

Cleansing enema
NPO for more than 24 hours prior to the exam
Avoid chewing gum

Avoid chewing gum

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The characteristic of contrast media that most describes the “thickness” or “thinness” of the contrast media is:

viscosity
osmolality
iodine concentration
toxicity

viscosity

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A VCUG exam is useful for diagnosing _______

pelvis of the kidneys
urethral obstruction for males
cecum resection
small bowel obstruction

urethral obstruction for males

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Which of the following body position is best for insertion of the enema tip?

Supine with feet below the level of the patient’s head
Sims position
The patient is placed prone and both knees are drawn close to the patient’s chest.
Trendelenberg position

Sims position

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Which of the following listings is the most reliable predictor of risk of allergic response to contrast media?

Intradermal skin test
Seafood allergy
Allergy history
BUN level

Allergy history

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Aqueous iodine compounds that are injected into the body are removed from the blood and excreted

in urine via the kidneys.
in bile via the digestive tract.
in gaseous form via the respiratory tract.
as components of sweat.

in urine via the kidneys.

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What can be utilized to differentiate and enhance visualization of soft tissue structures with similar densities?

Contrast media
Methylcellulose
Epinephrine
Cleansing enema

Contrast media

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ERCP stands for

-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
-external reciprocal cholangiopancreatography
-ethiodol-related circulatory pathology.
-enteroclysis retrograde catheterization and paracentesis.

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

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Which of the following lab values are within normal range for IV iodinated contrast media administration?
1. BUN 10 mg/dL
2. Creatinine 2.0 mg/dL
3. GFR 100

3 only
1 and 3
None of these lab values are within acceptable limits
1, 2 and 3

1 and 3

BUN: 6-20 mg/dL
Creatinine: 0.6-1.5 mg/dL
GFR: 90-120 mL/min/1.73 m^2

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True or False

Iodinated contrast is described as hygroscopic.

False

Barium sulfate is hygroscopic (absorbs water, can solidify)
Iodinated contrast is described as aqueous.

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During a barium enema exam, what is the recommended level the barium enema bag containing barium should be placed?

18 inches above the table
12-15 inches above the table
18 inches below the table
24-30 inches above the table

24-30 inches above the table

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When a contrast medium is described as aqueous, this means that

it is in the form of a gas and provides negative contrast.
water is the principal solvent for the iodine compound.
it is a nonionic iodinated medium
the medium is isosmolar.

water is the principal solvent for the iodine compound.

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An intrathecal injection is a direct injection into the

common bile duct.
spinal canal.
peritoneal cavity.
urinary bladder.

spinal canal

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A T-Tube is primarily used for _____.

Inject contrast to visualize the pelvis of the kidneys

Visualize a fistula in the common bile duct

As a drain for bile until the postsurgical edema in the common bile duct heals

Draining the chest cavity

As a drain for bile until the postsurgical edema in the common bile duct heals

T-Tube- flexible rubber tube is about the size of a drinking straw in the shape of a T, is sometimes left temprarily in the patient after surgical cholecystectomy (removal of gallbladder)

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Which contrast media and route is most appropriate to carry out a myelogram exam?

Barium sulfate for intrathecal use
Iodinated contrast media for intrathecal use
Air or carbon dioxide for rectal use
Iodinated contrast media for enteral use

Iodinated contrast media for intrathecal use

Myelogram- an examination using contrast media to visualize the internal surfaces of the spinal canal.

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An abnormal passageway connecting two structures is known as a(n):

bolus
dysphagia
fistula
stricture

fistula

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Radiographers working in the OR:
1. are required to wear sterile scrub clothes
2. are required to wear a hair cover that covers their head and beard (if present)
3. are required to wear a mask covering the mouth and nose

1, 2, and 3
2 and 3
1 and 3
1 only

2 and 3

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How should a non-sterile surgical team member pass by a team member dressed in sterile attire?

Pass behind them
Only team members wearing sterile attire may pass by one another.
Pass in front of them
Non-sterile members may not pass by team members in sterile attire.

Pass behind them

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A KUB has been ordered for an ICU patient. How should the radiographer carry out this exam?
1. The technologist needs to speak with the nurse and inquire about any necessary precautions.
2. The technologist will need a portable x-ray machine, IR, and portable grid.
3. The technologist needs to confirm the bottom of the bed is radiolucent.

1 only
1, 2 and 3
1 and 2
2 and 3

1 and 2

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A Port-A-Cath is:
1. a short term non-tunneled catheter
2. used to monitor patient pressures
3. inserted in the arm

None of these
1 and 2
1, 2 and 3
2 and 3

None of these

Port-A-Cath- long term, used for patients who need intermittent infusion of medication or chemotherapy, blood transfusions, or the sampling of blood from the superior vena cava.
Surgically implanted and sutured under the skin of the upper chest or arm

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A patient has orders for a 2 view chest x-ray to check the lead placement of their pacemaker that was implanted 24 hours earlier. How should the radiographer carry out this exam? Perform the routine 2 view chest x-ray, without raising the patient's left arm. Perform a normal, routine 2 view chest x-ray in the radiology department. Take the c-arm to the patient's room and acquire a PA and Lateral projection. Request the order be changed for a portable PA chest x-ray only because the patient will still be groggy from the anesthesia and unable to stand.

Perform the routine 2 view chest x-ray, without raising the patient's left arm.

A patient in the NICU requires a chest x-ray. How should the radiographer carry out this exam? Communicate and work with the NICU staff member to quickly obtain the image while minimizing time without the warmer. Wipe down the imaging equipment when exiting the NICU. Place the IR directly under the patient to avoid any artifacts from the patient's blankets. Leave the warmer in place. Place the IR in the sliding tray under the open incubator and place the x-ray tube under the incubator in alignment with the IR.

Communicate and work with the NICU staff member to quickly obtain the image while minimizing time without the warmer.

A portable chest x-ray has been ordered for a patient on a mechanical ventilator. How should the radiographer complete this exam? Take the image when the ventilator has moved air into the patient's lungs. Pay no attention to the patient's breathing and make the exposure when it is convenient. Ask the nurse to turn off the ventilator when the patient's lungs are fully expanded and then, take the image. Instruct the patient to take a deep breath in and hold it.

Take the image when the ventilator has moved air into the patient's lungs.

An example of a short term, non-tunneled catheter used to administer medications and fluids while allowing for blood draws is the: PICC line Dobbhoff Port a cath Swan-Ganz

PICC line Dobbhoff- nasogastric feeding tube Port-A-Cath- long term, used for patients who need intermittent infusion of medication or chemotherapy, blood transfusions, or the sampling of blood from the superior vena cava. Swan-Ganz- pulmonary catherter, measures cardiac output, the pressures on the right side of the heart, and, indirectly, the left heart and lung pressures.

A surgical opening made into the trachea with placement of a tube to establish a temporary or permanent airway is a tracheostomy. tracheotomy. tracheoscopy. tracheoplasty.

tracheostomy.

The tip of a properly placed CVC catheter is located: in the trachea above the carina in the small intestine in the aorta in the SVC near the right atrium

in the SVC near the right atrium

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of a nasogastric tube? Administer medications Feeding Blood transfusion Removing gas

Blood transfusion

The sterile members of the surgical team include the 1. surgeon. 2. scrub nurse. 3. anesthesiologist. 1 only 1 and 2 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2, and 3

1 and 2 only Surgical team includes: Surgeon Assistant to the surgeon Scrub nurse (Surg tech)

Which of the following surgical procedures may involve radiographic or fluoroscopic imaging? 1. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2. Ureteral stent placement 3. Foreign body localization 4. Appendectomy 1 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2, and 3 only 1, 2, 3, and 4

1, 2, and 3 only

The purpose of a Swan-Ganz catheter is to monitor cardiac function. drain the thoracic cavity. facilitate the administration of chemotherapy. facilitate the drawing of blood for testing.

monitor cardiac function.

The area designated as the sterile corridor is the hallway leading to the surgical suite. hallway just outside the operating room(s). area between the patient drape and the instrument table. area between the patient drape and the x-ray equipment.

area between the patient drape and the instrument table.

True or False The use of a C-arm is useful during open fracture reduction procedures

True

True or False Never attempt to alter a patent’s orthopedic traction when performing an x-ray examination

True

True or False When imaging neonates in the NICU, the radiographer can handle the incubator without a nurse or physician present

False

True or False The NG tube may also be used to administer medication and for the radiographic examination of the stomach

True The radiographer draws up a thin barium mixture or oral aqueous iodine solution into a large syringe; gloves are worn, the syringe is connected to the NG tube, and the radiologist (or radiographer for some studies) slowly instills the contrast under fluoroscopic control.

Special care units include 1. ICU 2. ER 3. EVS 4. PICU/NICU

1, 2, 3, and 4

Which is one of the many patient preps for a barium study? Clear liquid diet NPO for 48 hours

Clear liquid diet

Cleansing enema bags should be 18" above the level of the table 24-30" above the level of the table

18" above the level of the table

Contractions that propel food through the digestive tract is Dialysis Peristalsis

Peristalsis

Upper GI studies can diagnose Gall stones Hiatal hernia

Hiatal hernia

Barium sulfate is considered Water soluble Hygroscopic

Hygroscopic

A form of radiolucent contrast media is Carbon dioxide Renografin

Carbon dioxide

After a myelogram, patients should be Prone 4-8 hours after the exam Supine 4-8 hours after the exam Trendelenberg for 4-8 hours after the exam

Supine 4-8 hours after the exam

ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) uses which mobile device C-arm Portable x-ray unit

C-arm ERCP is a fiberoptic examination of the common bile duct performed with an endoscope.

A common exam performed in the NICU is Babygram Skull Hip Clavicle

Babygram

Myelogram uses which type of contrast High osmolar contrast Non-ionic contrast

Non-ionic contrast

When scheduling barium studies Non contrast studies should be scheduled after barium studies Non contrast studies should be scheduled at the same time Should be scheduled last in any series of imaging procedures Should be scheduled a week after non contrast studies

Should be scheduled last in any series of imaging procedures

For a more accurate result, thyroid tests are scheduled At least 3 weeks after iodinated contrast media is given At least 3 hours after iodinated contrast media is given 3 days after iodinated contrast media is given Immediately after iodinated contrast media is given

At least 3 weeks after iodinated contrast media is given

Barium studies, such as Upper GIs, are not scheduled after an endoscopy because ______. The patient is still asleep The patient is given a muscle relaxant that could cause them to aspirate No restrictions, the patient can be scheduled on the same day The patient did not get a laxative in the morning

The patient is given a muscle relaxant that could cause them to aspirate

Patient preparation for barium studies include: 1. A clear liquid diet 2. Cathartics 3. Taking Benadryl 4 hours before examination 1 only 2 only 1 and 2 1 and 3

1 and 2

Cleansing enema bags should be placed ____ 18" below the level of the table 24" above the level of the table 18" above the level of the table 24" below the level of the table

18" above the level of the table

The recommended temperature of tap water for a cleansing enema is 100 degrees F 110 degrees F 105 degrees F 95 degrees F

105 degrees F

The best position used while inserting an enema tip is Sims Fowler Prone Decubitus

Sims

A clear diet is recommended in order to ensure there is no residue in the intestines True False

True

A characteristic used to describe barium sulfate is Soluble Osmolar Hygroscopic Iodinated

Hygroscopic

Contractions that propel food through the digestive tract is: Fistula Viscosity Peristalsis Varices

Peristalsis

A common reason for performing esophagram is IBD GERD IBS VCUG

GERD

Upper GI studies are performed to diagnose Neoplasm Gastritis Hiatal hernia All of the above

All of the above

A protrusion of a portion of the stomach in to the thoracic cavity is referred to as: Diverticula Hiatal hernia Dysphagia Peristalsis

Hiatal hernia

All are a method of barium sulfate administration except: Oral Rectal NG IV

A condition of partial or complete blockage of the digestive tract that may be caused by scar tissue is: Bowel obstruction Diverticulosis Polyps Crohn disease

Bowel obstruction

What concerns arise when using barium for GI contrast studies? It can thicken and solidify if not mixed properly No concerns with using barium It can cause an allergic reaction It can help cleanse the bowels

It can thicken and solidify if not mixed properly

When is the use of barium contraindicated? Pneumonia Pneumothorax Perforations in the GI tract Hiatal hernia

Perforations in the GI tract

A double contrast study uses which items? Blood and barium Barium and air Iodinated contrast and barium Barium and omnipaque

Barium and air

Glucagon may be given to slow peristalsis True False

True

Which studies require the use of barium contrast? 1. Upper GI 2. Small Bowel Series 3. Myelogram 1 only 1 and 2 2 and 3 All of the above

1 and 2

Iodinated contrast medium may be administered 1. IV 2. Oral 3. Intrathecal 1 and 3 1 and 2 2 and 3 All of the above

All of the above

Iodinated contrast media are Aqueous Hygroscopic Radiolucent Negative contrast

Aqueous

Before administering iodinated contrast to patients, radiographers must check 1. BUN 2. Creatinine 3. GFR 1 only 2 only 2 and 3 All of the above

All of the above

An example of an isosmolar iodinated contrast media is Renografin Hypaque Visipaque Cystografin

Visipaque

Patients may need to withheld from taking medications containing metformin before or after contrast administration True False

True Metformin- used to treat high blood sugar levels that are caused by a type of diabetes mellitus or sugar diabetes

What is the preferred contrast media for a myelogram? Nonionic contrast agent Ionic contrast agent Cystografin High osmolar contrast media

Nonionic contrast agent

Post myelogram, patient care instructions include: 1. Supine for the first 4-8 hours 2. Head elevated 3. Prone and trendelenberg 1 only 2 only 1 and 2 2 and 3

1 and 2

A type of study used to detect injury and disease of the joint cartilage as well as the joint capsule is also known as Arthrography Myelography Cholangiography Urography

Arthrography

What are the two types of portable imaging equipment? Mobile radiographic unit and C-arm C-arm and portable MRI Mobile radiographic unit only CT and Fluoro

Mobile radiographic unit and C-arm

Special care units designed for patients whose status and treatment require frequent monitoring are: ER PACU ICU/CCU Endoscopy

ICU/CCU

Radiation protection is not necessary during mobile radiography True False

False

Orthopedic traction may not be adjusted to complete the x-ray procedure True False

True

Any bedside radiographic exam requires 1. Checking with the nurse to inquire about the patient's condition 2. Confirming orders in the patient's chart 3. Dismissing a patient's visitor for the duration of the examination 3 only 1 and 2 2 and 3 All of the above

All of the above

When an alarm is activated while positioning the patient Check the patient's condition before calling the nurse Silence the alarm and continue Turn the monitor off All of the above

Check the patient's condition before calling the nurse

You often find patients on backboards, belligerent, and altered mental status in NICU ER PACU CCU

Protective protection may be required for procedures in the NICU True False

True

Enclosed incubators are used in the CCU ICU NICU PACU

NICU

Patients in the NICU may require a chest x-ray to evaluate Hiatal hernia Newborn atelectasis Clavicle fracture Reflux

Newborn atelectasis

Patients that need mechanical assistance with respiration are Placed on a ventilator Given a chest tube Placed on an orthostatic traction Given an NG tube

Placed on a ventilator

Which characteristic of iodine contrast determines its opacity? Iodine concentration Viscosity Osmolality Toxicity

Iodine concentration

A type of catheter that can measure cardiac output is PICC line catheter Swan-Ganz catheter Pacemaker Urinary catheter

Swan-Ganz catheter

Catheters that can facilitate administration of chemotherapy, drug therapy, and blood transfusions are Swan-Ganz catheters Central venous catheters PICC line catheters Endotracheal catheters

Central venous catheters

What is the purpose of a chest tube? Remove bile from the common bile duct Drain urine for measurement Remove air or fluid in the pleural cavity Remove contrast from large colon

Remove air or fluid in the pleural cavity

All are considered part of the sterile surgical team except Radiology tech Surgical tech Surgeon Assistant physician

Radiology tech

What attire should a radiographer wear when working in the OR? 1. Surgical hat 2. Mask 3. Shoe covers 1, 2, and 3 1 only 3 only 1 and 2

1, 2, and 3

A C-arm is used to provide fluoroscopic guidance in the OR True False

True

A common radiography procedure in the OR is ERCP Cholecystectomy VCUG Barium enema

Cholecystectomy Cholecystectomy- surgery to remove your gallbladder

Non sterile personnel in the OR should Cross in front of sterile to get to their location Pass behind them rather than in front Pass through the sterile corridor High five the sterile personnel after x-rays are performed

Pass behind them rather than in front

A procedure performed in the OR that uses laser, ultrasound, or some other energy is Lithotripsy ORIF Hardware fixation Open reduction

Lithotripsy Lithotripsy- a technique for treating stones in the kidney and ureter that does not require surgery.

Radiographs are useful after an OR exam in order to locate surgical sponges True False

True