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Patient Care Final Exam > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The measure of the current flow rate in the X-ray tube that determines the number of X-ray photons that will be produced per second is:

Distance
Exposure Time
Milliamperage (mA)
Kilovoltage (kV)

A

milliamperage (mA)

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2
Q

The discovery of x-rays is credited to Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen on:

January 12, 1910
November 8, 1895
July 4, 1776
December 25, 1974

A

November 8, 1895

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3
Q

These deterministic effects are predictable and the exposure required to produce them is well documented. The severity of the effect depends on the dose.

short-term somatic effects
long-term somatic effects
genetic effects
none of these are correct

A

Short-term somatic effects

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4
Q

This x-ray pioneer invented photographic film using cellulose nitrate as a substitute for glass and produced the first radiographic film in 1914.

Thomas Edison
George Eastman
William Coolidge
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

A

George Eastman

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5
Q

To measure therapeutic radiation doses, as well as specific tissue doses received in diagnostic applications, this SI unit for dose measurement is used.

radiation equivalent in man (rem)
radiation absorbed dose (rad)
gray (Gy)
sievert (Sv)

A

gray (Gy)

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6
Q

The overall blackness of the image is referred to as:

optical density
image contrast
image detail
distortion

A

optical density

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7
Q

The source of electrons (filament) is located on this negatively charged end of the X-ray tube.

cathode
target
collimator
anode

A

cathode

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8
Q

X-rays that have exited the tube but have yet to be attenuated by the patient’s body are referred to as:

primary radiation
scatter radiation
remnant radiation
none of these are correct

A

primary radiation

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9
Q

These somatic and stochastic biological effects are random and there is no threshold amount of exposure that must be received for them to occur. The severity of the effect is random.

short-term somatic effects
long-term somatic effects
genetic effects
none of these are correct

A

long-term somatic effects

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10
Q

The more energy an electromagnetic energy has as it travels, the ________ its wavelength and the _______ its frequency.

shorter;greater
longer;greater

A

shorter;greater

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11
Q

A health maintenance organization (HMO) provides:

Healthcare on a fee-for-service basis.
Complete and comprehensive health care for the cost of a fee called copay.
Free choice of physician and hospital.
Reduced rates for care by specialists.

A

Complete and comprehensive health care for the cost of a fee called copay.

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12
Q

A physician specialist in medical imaging who interprets diagnostic images and provides reports to referring physicians is called a(n)

Radiologist
Radiographer
Oncologist
Hospitalist

A

Radiologist

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13
Q

A professional organization for radiographers and all radiologic technologists is the:

ASRT
ACR
JRCERT
SDMS

A

ASRT
(American Society of Radiology Technologists)

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14
Q

If a technologist has a question about the imaging orders for a patient, who would be the BEST person to ask for clarification?

The patient’s nurse
The radiologist
The patient
The ordering/referring physician

A

The ordering/referring physician

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15
Q

The federal health insurance program in the United States that covers a portion of the medical care costs for those over age 65 is called:

Medicare
HMO
Eldercare
Medicaid

A

Medicare

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16
Q

The organization that establishes minimum standards for certification in various imaging specialties and radiation therapy, conducts qualifying examinations and certifies those who pass is called.

ASRT
ACR
ARRT
AMA

A

ARRT
(American Registered Radiology Technologists)

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17
Q

Radiography is considered as a ______ service

Therapeutic
Diagnostic
Billing
Laboratory

A

Diagnostic

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18
Q

Radiographers must renew their ARRT registration every _____ and complete _____ every 2 years.

Two years, 12 hours of continuing education units
Year, 12 hours of continuing education units
Year, 24 hours of continuing education units
None of the above

A

Year, 24 hours of continuing education units

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19
Q

Which of the following does NOT represent a responsibility of the radiographer?

Providing the patient with considerate and respectful care.

Keeping patient information confidential.

Providing patients with complete and accurate information regarding diagnosis and treatment and their results.

A

Providing patients with complete and accurate information regarding diagnosis and treatment and their results.

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20
Q

Which of the following organizations provide accreditation for healthcare institutions?

The Joint Commission
ASRT
Occupational Safety and Health
JRCERT

A

The Joint Commission

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21
Q

A charge of battery may result if the patient is:

Verbally threatened
Physically touched
Allowed to fall
Restrained without orders

A

Physically touched

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22
Q

A law enacted under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to protect the privacy rights of patients is called the:

Consumer Assurance of Radiologic Excellence (CARE)
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Privacy and Confidentiality Assurance Act (PCAA)
Healthcare Privacy Act (HPA)

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

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23
Q

A negative and destructive response to the chronic strain of dealing with the demands and problems of others that is characterized by exhaustion, dissatisfaction, anxiety, and eventually apathy is called:

Burnout
Empathy
Objectivity
Sympathy

A

Burnout

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24
Q

A sensitivity to the needs of others that allows you to meet those needs constructively is characteristic of:

Sympathy
Self-actualization
Objectivity
Empathy

A

Empathy

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25
Q

A tort is a(an):

Civil wrong
Misdemeanor
Felony
Award for victims of negligence

A

Civil wrong

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26
Q

According to the legal doctrine of respondeat superior:

The employer is responsible for the negligent actions of the employee.
The employee is responsible for the actions of the employer.
The employee is responsible for his/her own actions.
None of the answer options are correct.

A

The employer is responsible for the negligent actions of the employee.

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27
Q

Arm and leg restraints applied without either the patient’s permission or a physician’s order could result in charges of:

Battery
Slander
Invasion of privacy
False imprisonment
Negligence

A

False imprisonment

False imprisonment- unjustifiable detention of a person against his or her will.

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28
Q

Forms of intentional misconduct include:

Invasion of privacy, slander, libel
Battery, negligence, false imprisonment
Slander, malpractice, assault
Negligence, assault, battery

A

Invasion of privacy, slander, libel

Invasion of privacy- confidentiality has not been maintained or when the patient’s body has been improperly and unnecessarily exposed or touched.

Slander- malicious spreading of (verbal) information that causes defamation of character or loss of reputation.

Libel-malicious spreading of (written) information that causes defamation of character or loss of reputation.

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29
Q

If a radiographer attempts to gain a patient’s cooperation by threatening harm, this offense is termed:

invasion of privacy
assault
slander
batter

A

assault

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30
Q

Mandatory, specific, and enforceable standards of minimally acceptable professional conduct for all registered technologists are called:

The Laws of Practice
The Rules of Ethics
The Code of Ethics
The Hippocratic Oath

A

The Rules of Ethics

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31
Q

Standards of correct behavior by professional groups are known as:

Code of Ethics
Regulations
Morals
Torts

A

Code of Ethics

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32
Q

The term ethics refers to:

Moral principles or values
Legal responsibility
The need for confidentiality
Professional liability

A

Moral principles or values

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33
Q

When a radiographer innocently commits an error as the result of following the order of a physician, the physician may be held responsible according to the:

Rule of professional responsibility
Doctrine of borrowed servant
Doctrine of non compos mentis
Doctrine of respondeat superior

A

Doctrine of borrowed servant

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34
Q

Which of the following statements about informed consent is not true?

Signed forms may be filled in after the procedure is completed.

Only the physician named on the form may perform the procedure.

Patients must sign the form after an explanation of the procedure but before sedation is given.

A

Signed forms may be filled in after the procedure is completed

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35
Q

Which of the following would not be a malpractice prevention?

Confinement
Compliance
Confidentiality
Communication

A

Confinement

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36
Q

The “E” in AIDET stands for:

Explanation
Evaluation
Emotions
Expression

A

Explanation

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37
Q

Cultural differences can result in differing perceptions for which of the following behaviors?

  1. Eye contact
  2. A casual hug
  3. Pointing your finger at the patient
A

1, 2, and 3

38
Q

The best place to verify the patient’s full name and date of birth is the:

radiology exam room after the exam has been completed
radiology waiting room
facility’s lobby
radiology exam room

A

radiology exam room

39
Q

Which term describes assertiveness?

Angry and frustrated
Depressed and moody
Argumentative and hostile
Calm, firm expression of feelings

A

Calm, firm expression of feelings

40
Q

Which of the following statements regarding nonverbal communication is not true?

Nonverbal messages may be either positive or negative.

Hand gestures, facial expressions, and posture can convey feelings nonverbally.

Nonverbal behaviors have the same interpretations in all cultures.

A

Nonverbal behaviors have the same interpretations in all cultures

41
Q

Arm and leg restraints applied without a physician’s order could result in charges of:

Slander
False imprisonment
Negligence
Invasion of privacy
Battery

A

False imprisonment

42
Q

If a radiographer attempts to gain a patient’s cooperation by threatening harm, this offense is termed:

Invasion of privacy
Battery
Assault
Slander

A

Assault

43
Q

Who is credited with the discovery of x-radiation? When?

William Coolidge, 1910
Marie Curie, 1904
Thomas Edison, 1912
Wilhelm Roentgen, 1895

A

Wilhelm Roentgen, 1895

44
Q

Aphasia is a defect or loss of:

Sight
Hearing
Touch
Language

A

Language

45
Q

Which of the following statements regarding nonverbal communication is NOT true?

Nonverbal behaviors reveal a great deal about how we feel.
Hand gestures, facial expressions, and posture can convey feelings nonverbally.
Nonverbal behaviors have the same interpretations in all cultures.
Nonverbal messages may be either positive or negative.

A

Nonverbal behaviors have the same interpretations in all cultures

46
Q

The three (3) cardinal principles of radiation protection are:

mA, kVp, time
mAs, SID, filtration
Time, distance, shielding
Density, contrast, recorded detail

A

Time, distance, shielding

47
Q

A health maintenance organization (HMO) provides:

Healthcare on a fee-for-service basis
Preventative healthcare and other needed health services
Free choice of physician and hospital
Reduced rates for care by specialists

A

Preventative healthcare and other needed health services

48
Q

True or False

The patient has the right to know the identity of the radiographer and others involved in their care.

A

True

49
Q

A radiation unit in the SI system used to measure dose equivalents for occupational exposure.

radiation equivalent in man (rem)
radiation absorbed dose (rad)
gray (Gy)
sievert (Sv)

A

Sievert (Sv)

50
Q

Deaf patients and hearing-impaired patients differ in that the deaf patients:

a. Will not respond to sounds outside their field of vision
b. Uses gestures or writing motions to express the need for paper and pencil
c. Uses lip movements without making a sound
d. All of the above
e. B and C only

A

d. All of the above

51
Q

Which ASRT Code of Ethics principle relates to confidentiality in a health care setting?

9th principle
7th principle
5th principle
3rd principle

A

9th principle

52
Q

According to the legal doctrine of respondeat superior:

The employee is responsible for the actions of the employer.
The employer is responsible for the negligent actions of the employee.
The employee is responsible for his/her own actions.
None of the above.

A

The employer is responsible for the negligent actions of the employee

53
Q

Technologists who work with fluoroscopy may wear two dosimeters that are worn:

  1. Outside the lead apron
  2. At the collar level
  3. At the waist level
  4. Underneath the lead apron
  5. All of the above
A
  1. All of the above
54
Q

A law enacted under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to protect the privacy rights of patients is called the:

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Consumer Assurance of Radiologic Excellence (CARE)
Healthcare Privacy Act (HPA)
Privacy and Confidentiality Assurance Act (PCAA)

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

55
Q

The majority of radiography education programs today are based in:

Proprietary schools
Hospitals
Clinics
Colleges

A

Colleges

56
Q

A radiation unit in the SI system used to measure patient dose:

radiation equivalent in man (rem)
radiation absorbed dose (rad)
gray (Gy)
sievert (Sv)

A

Gray (Gy)

57
Q

Standards of correct behavior by professional groups are known as:

Torts
Regulations
Morals
Code of ethics

A

Code of ethics

58
Q

When dealing with preschool children, it is important to:

Calm them by giving them many choices.
Let them know who is in charge.
Keep directions simple, direct, and honest.
Tell a crying child, “Stop that, or we can’t take all the pictures!”

A

Keep directions simple, direct, and honest

59
Q

A professional organization for radiographers and all radiologic technologists is the:

ACR
JRCERT
ASRT
SDMS

A

ASRT

60
Q

The inventor of the fluoroscope, who also invented hundreds of fluorescent materials, was:

Coolidge
Pupin
Roentgen
Edison

A

Edison

61
Q

If a non-pregnant technologist is performing an exam that requires him/her to wear a lead apron, the personnel radiation monitoring device should be worn:

a. Outside the apron
b. At the waist
c. On the collar
d. At the wrist
e. A and C

A

e. A and C

Outside the apron.
On the collar.

62
Q

The inventor of the hot cathode x-ray tube, the prototype of the x-ray tubes of today was:

Coolidge
Pupin
Roentgen
Edison

A

Coolidge

63
Q

Which of the following would NOT be a malpractice prevention?

Compliance
Communication
Confidentiality
Confinement

A

Confinement

64
Q

When instructions are given to a non-English speaking patient, it is BEST to:

Draw detailed pictures
Speak English slowly and firmly
Use a sympathetic family member who speaks English
Use a certified interpreter

A

Use a certified interpreter

65
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT true with respect to deterministic (nonstochastic) radiation effects?

They occur with relatively high radiation doses, greater than 0.5 Gy.
They are short-term effects, occurring within the first months after exposure.
Their severity is dependent upon dose.
They occur randomly with respect to individuals.

A

They occur randomly with respect to individuals.

66
Q

A device used to control the size of the radiation field is a:

Collimator
Detent
Tube housing
Filter

A

Collimator

67
Q

Devices for monitoring radiation exposure to personnel are called:

dosimeters
PACS
rads
rems

A

Dosimeters

68
Q

A tort is a(an):

Civil wrong
Felony
Award for victims of negligence
Misdemeanor

A

Civil wrong

69
Q

ALARA Stands For:

Always Leave and Run Away
A Low Area for Radiation Abuse
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
A Level of Radiation that is All right

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

70
Q

___________ effects in the form of changes or mutations to the genes can be caused when the ovaries or testes are exposed to ionizing radiation.

Short-term
Genetic
Somatic
Deterministic

A

Genetic

71
Q

Which ASRT Code of Ethics principle requires radiographers to put aside all personal prejudice and emotional bias when rendering professional services?

5th principle
9th principle
3rd principle
2nd principle

A

3rd principle

72
Q

All of the following devices can be used to reduce radiation exposure to the patient, except:

Gonad shield
Grid
High kVp, low mAs technique
Collimator

A

Grid

73
Q

Which of the following statements about informed consent is NOT true?

Only the physician named on the form may perform the procedure.

Signed forms may be filled in after the procedure is completed.

Patients must sign the form after an explanation of the procedure but before sedation is given.

A

Signed forms may be filled in after the procedure is completed

74
Q

The federal health insurance program in the United States that covers a portion of the medical care costs for those over age 65 is called:

HMO
Eldercare
Medicare
Medicaid

A

Medicare

75
Q

Which term describes assertiveness?

Argumentative
Forceful
Firm
Persuasive

A

Firm

76
Q

Which of the following is NOT a long-term (stochastic) radiation effect?

Erythema
Cataractogenesis
Leukemia
Thyroid cancer

A

Erythema

Erythema- reddening of the skin
Cataractogenesis- clouding of the lens of the eye
Leukemia- group of malignant diseases affecting the bone marrow.
Thyroid cancer- disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the thyroid gland.

77
Q

Forms of intentional misconduct include:

Slander, malpractice, assault
Battery, negligence, false imprisonment
Invasion of privacy, slander, libel
Negligence, assault, battery

A

Invasion of privacy
Slander
Libel

78
Q

True or False

Once an informed consent is signed, the patient cannot refuse treatment before, during, or after the procedure.

A

False

79
Q

A radiation unit in the British system used to measure dose equivalents for occupational exposure.

radiation equivalent in man (rem)
radiation absorbed dose (rad)
gray (Gy)
sievert (Sv)

A

radiation equivalent in man (rem)

80
Q

According to the Laws of Bergonié and Tribondeau, which of the following statements is true?

Nonspecialized cells are less sensitive to radiation injury than highly complex cells.

Young cells are more sensitive to radiation injury than older cells.

Cells that multiply rapidly are less sensitive to radiation injury than those that do not.

Cells with a high metabolic rate are less sensitive than those with a low rate.

A

Young cells are more sensitive to radiation injury than older cells.

81
Q

Which ASRT Code of Ethics principle requires radiographers to protect themselves and all patients and staff from exposure to unnecessary radiation?

7th principle
5th principle
1st principle
4th principle

A

7th principle

82
Q

Cultural differences can result in differing perceptions of which of the following behaviors?

Eye contact
A casual hug
A loud, firm voice
All of the above

A

All of the above

Eye contact
A casual hug
A loud, firm voice

83
Q

A radiation unit in the British system used to measure patient dose:

radiation equivalent in man (rem)
radiation absorbed dose (rad)
gray (Gy)
sievert (Sv)

A

radiation absorbed dose (rad)

84
Q

Which of the following does NOT represent a responsibility of the radiographer?

Providing the patient with considerate and respectful care.

Avoidance of discrimination in professional practice.

Keeping patient information confidential.

Providing patients with complete and accurate information regarding diagnosis and treatment.

A

Providing patients with complete and accurate information regarding diagnosis and treatment

85
Q

Which ASRT Code of Ethics principle addresses the issue of professional responsibility?

5th principle
9th principle
7th principle
3rd principle

A

5th principle

86
Q

A charge of battery may result if the patient is:

Physically struck
Allowed to fall
Verbally threatened
Restrained without orders

A

Physically struck

87
Q

True or False

According to the rule of personal responsibility, each person is liable for his/her own negligent conduct.

A

True

88
Q

True or False

Res Ipsa Loquitor is a legal document applied when wrongful acts have been committed by an employee under the physician’s orders.

A

False

89
Q

A process in which the health care professional helps the client to a better understanding is termed:

Validation of communication
Interpersonal communication
Oral communication
Therapeutic communication

A

Therapeutic communication

90
Q

True or False

The standard of reasonable care requires a person to perform as any reasonable person would perform under similar circumstances.

A

True

Patient Care Final Exam (5 decks)

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