Unit 4 Flashcards

Question

Platelets

Answer 1

Triggers blood clotting

Answer 2

includes neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils Combat infection by rapidly increasing in numbers Engulf and destroy foreign substances then they die

Answer 3

Two large veins deliver oxygen-poor blood to your right atrium.

Answer 4

carries blood from your upper body.

Answer 5

brings blood from the lower body.

Answer 6

Right atrium: Two large veins deliver oxygen-poor blood to your right atrium. The superior vena cava carries blood from your upper body. The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower body. Then the right atrium pumps the blood to your right ventricle. Right ventricle: The lower right chamber pumps the oxygen-poor blood to your lungs through the pulmonary artery. The lungs reload blood with oxygen. Left atrium: After the lungs fill blood with oxygen pulmonary veins carry the blood to the left atrium. This upper chamber pumps the blood to your left ventricle. Left ventricle: The left ventricle is slightly larger than the right. It pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of your body.

Answer 7

Tricuspid valve: Door between your right atrium and right ventricle. Mitral valve: Door between your left atrium and left ventricle. Semilunar (SL) valves open when blood flows out of your ventricles. They include: Aortic valve: Opens when blood flows out of your left ventricle to your aorta (artery that carries oxygen-rich blood to your body). Pulmonary valve: Opens when blood flows from your right ventricle to your pulmonary arteries (the only arteries that carry oxygen-poor blood to your lungs). Your heart pumps blood through three types of blood vessels: Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from your heart to your body’s tissues. The exception is your pulmonary arteries, which go to your lungs. Veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to your heart. Capillaries are small blood vessels where your body exchanges oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood. Your heart receives nutrients through a network of coronary arteries. These arteries run along your heart’s surface. They serve the heart itself.

Answer 8

Your heart valves are like doors between your heart chambers. They open and close to allow blood to flow through. The atrioventricular (AV) valves open between your upper and lower heart chambers.

Answer 9

Your heart is divided into four chambers. You have two chambers on the top (atrium, plural atria) and two on the bottom (ventricles), one on each side of the heart.

Answer 10

Contracting

Answer 11

has 3 stages: Atrial and Ventricular diastole (chambers are relaxed and filling with blood) Atrial systole (atria contract and remaining blood is pushed into ventricles) Ventricular systole (ventricles contract and push blood out through aorta and pulmonary artery)

Answer 12

Blood from the lung which is oxygenated returns to the heart via the pulmonary vein and enters the left atrium Blood passes through the bicuspid (mitral) valve into the left ventricle Blood is forced out of the blood to the rest of the aorta and carries the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body Deoxygenated blood returns from the body to the right artrium through the superior/ inferior vena cava Blood is the squeezed through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle Blood is forced through the pulmonary artery which carries the deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Answer 13

co-ordinated flow of blood through the heart is called the cardiac cycle and takes place on average 70 times a minute. The part of the cycte when the ventricles are contracting is known as systole; when they are relaxing and the atria are filling it is called diastole.

Answer 14

Purkinje fibres (also known as Purkyne) are very fine specialised cardiac muscles fibres that rapidly transmit impulses from atrioventricular node to the ventricles

Answer 15

• also known as the sinus node, is the key structure responsible for the generation of a regular heartbeat The SA node is situated in the upper wall of the right atrium of the heart • It is known as the peacemaker and responsible for setting the rhythm of the heart beat • It ensures both atria contract simultaneously • An electrocardiogram (ECG) trace shows the spread of the electrical signal generated by the node as it travels through the atria

Answer 16

• AV node is at the bottom of the RA • Responsible for delaying the electrical impulses it receives from the SA • This delay allows time for the blood to empty out of the atria into the ventricles

Answer 17

ECG trace tells what is happening in the heart and a normal ECG shows 5 waves named PQRST - The waves represent the electrical activity of the heart - The different sections represent different activities within the heart

Answer 18

Electrical reading from atrial contraction/sytole. Its when the left and right atria contract at the same time

Answer 19

Electrical reading from the contraction of the left and right ventricles Ventricular contraction Represents the current as the action potential travels through the interventricular septum

Answer 20

Represents the relaxation of the ventricles

Answer 21

carry’s blood towards the heart. Thinner wall, large lumen,Blood flow is a low pressure so it contains valves to help the blood not flow backwards.(usually deoxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary vein). Branch into smaller vessels called venuels

Answer 22

the smallest blood vessel, connects arteries and veins. Allows diffusion of gasses (o2 and co2) and nutrients and water from blood into the body cells, Single cell thick, lumen is Very small, only allows blood to pass through one cell at a time. Blood flow is at a low pressure.Walls are made of semi-permeable membrane to allow transport of gases and nutrients into and out of the blood. Located between arteries and veins. No valves

Answer 23

carry’s blood away from the heart. Thick muscular wall, small lumen, Thick muscular walls to withstand blood flowing at high pressure as it leaves the heart; the largest artery is the aorta. They have no valves. Branch into smaller vessels called arterioles (usually oxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary artery)

Answer 24

the space within the tubes, tracts, cavities, and cells of the body. Air, blood, fluids, food, and other substances move through the lumen, enabling the function of organ systems. Some of the largest lumina in the human body are located in the arteries and intestines

Answer 25

They connect to capillaries. They transport blood to the capillary beds. They are smaller than arteries but bigger than capillaries

Answer 26

Connect to capillaries. Transport blood away from the capillary beds. They are smaller than veins and bigger than capillaries

Answer 27

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a general term for conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels. Associated with a build-up of fatty deposits inside the arteries (atherosclerosis) and associated with damage to arteries in organs. Leads to increased risk of blood clots. It is the main cause of death and disability in the UK, but it can often largely be prevented by leading a healthy lifestyle

Answer 28

Occurs when the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle is blocked or reduced thereby puts an increased strain on the heart. This can lead to Angina - chest pain caused by restricted blood flow to the heart muscle Heart attacks - where the blood flow to the heart muscle is suddenly blocked Heart failure - where the heart is unable to pump blood around the body properly

Answer 29

A stroke is where the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off, which can cause brain damage and possibly death.💀 TIA- Transient Ischaemic Attack (mini stroke)

Answer 30

Peripheral arterial disease occurs when there's a blockage in the arteries to the limbs, usually the legs. This can cause: dull or cramping leg pain, which is worse when walking and gets better with rest hair loss on the legs and feet numbness or weakness in the legs persistent ulcers (open sores) on the feet and legs

Unit 4 Flashcards

(55 cards)