Unit 4

Question 1

The African Union

Answer 1

The African Union is a continental union consisting of 55 member states located on the continent of Africa.

Question 2

Allegiance

Answer 2

loyalty or commitment of a subordinate to a superior or of an individual to a group or cause.

Question 3

Antecedent boundary

Answer 3

a boundary between two states that is created before the area is populated with human society.

Question 4

Arctic Circle

Answer 4

The Arctic Circle runs slightly north of 66 degrees north latitude (66° 33’ north), which in Norway is through Nordland county in Northern Norway.

Question 5

Arctic Council

Answer 5

The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum that addresses issues faced by the Arctic governments and the indigenous people of the Arctic region.

Question 6

ASEAN, an abbreviation for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations,

Answer 6

is a political and economic union of 10 states in Southeast Asia.

Question 7

Autonomous region

Answer 7

An autonomous administrative division is a subnational administrative division or internal territory of a sovereign state that has a degree of autonomy—self-governance—under the national government.

Question 8

Borderland

Answer 8

the district near a border.

Question 9

Boundary

Answer 9

a line that marks the limits of an area; a dividing line.

Question 10

Buffer State

Answer 10

a small neutral country situated between two larger hostile countries and serving to prevent the outbreak of regional conflict.

Question 11

Choke Point

Answer 11

a point of congestion or blockage.

Question 12

Consequent Boundary

Answer 12

A consequent boundary is defined in human geography as a boundary between opposing cultural, ethnic, or political groups, that was established to settle disputes, end wars, and establish a clear separation between groups.

Question 13

Core Areas

Answer 13

the engines of economic growth and are characterized by modern, technologically advanced production methods as well as highly skilled and highwage labor.

Question 14

Core states

Answer 14

provides architecture, interior design, engineering, program management, construction management, energy, and signage/branded environments services

Question 15

Cracking

Answer 15

the practice of dividing a group of voters into multiple districts in order to dilute their voting power.

Question 16

Cultural Cohesion

Answer 16

trusting network of relationships and shared values and norms of residents in a neighborhood

Question 17

Delimited

Answer 17

having fixed boundaries or limits.

Question 18

Demarcated

Answer 18

set the boundaries or limits of.

Question 19

demilitarized zone

Answer 19

a physical or logical subnetwork that contains and exposes an organization’s external-facing services to an untrusted, usually larger, network such as the Internet

Question 20

democratization

Answer 20

is the democratic transition to a more democratic political regime, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction

Question 21

Devolution

Answer 21

the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to local or regional administration.

Question 22

Domestic terrorism

Answer 22

Domestic terrorism: Violent, criminal acts committed by individuals and/or groups to further ideological goals stemming from domestic influences, such as those of a political, religious, social, racial, or environmental nature.

Question 23

Economies of scale

Answer 23

a proportionate saving in costs gained by an increased level of production.

Question 24

Effective sovereignty

Answer 24

he character of the historic bloc. (or “power bloc”) and the social forces which support

Question 25

Electoral College

Answer 25

The Electoral College is a method of indirect popular election of the President of the United States. Instead of voting for a specific candidate, voters in an indirect popular election select a panel of individuals pledged to vote for a specific candidate.

Question 26

Electoral geography

Answer 26

Electoral geography considers the way in which the physical characteristics of a territory directly affect the population and thus the election decision of these people.

Question 27

Enclave

Answer 27

a separate space or group within a larger one

Question 28

Equitable Infrastructure

Answer 28

The construction and improvement of foundational services such as access to energy resources throughout the country

Question 29

Escarpment

Answer 29

an area of the Earth where elevation changes suddenly

Question 30

ETA

Answer 30

Basque for Basque Homeland and Liberty

Question 31

ethnonationalism

Answer 31

elicits understandings and forms of nationalism that regard ethnicity and ethnic ties as core components of conceptions and experiences of the “nation”

Question 32

European Union

Answer 32

The European Union is a supranational political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe.

Question 33

Exclave

Answer 33

a portion of territory of one state completely surrounded by territory of another or others, as viewed by the home territory.

Question 34

Exclusive Economic Zone

Answer 34

An exclusive economic zone, as prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is an area of the sea in which a sovereign state has exclusive rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind.

Question 35

Failed State

Answer 35

Typically, the term means that the state has been rendered ineffective and is not able to enforce its laws uniformly or provide basic goods and services to its citizens.

Question 36

Federal State

Answer 36

The model federal state is characterized by the existence, at the national level, of a written, rigid constitution guaranteeing the several intermediate governments not only permanence and independence but also a full complement of legislative, executive, and judicial powers.

Question 37

Frontier

Answer 37

A zone of territory where no state has governing authority.

Question 38

Geometric boundary

Answer 38

A boundary created by using lines of latitude and longitude and their associated arcs.

Question 39

Gerrymandering

Answer 39

manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor one party or class.

Question 40

Iconography

Answer 40

the visual images and symbols used in a work of art or the study or interpretation of these.

Question 41

Independent State

Answer 41

A sovereign state is a state that has the highest authority over a territory.

Question 42

International terrorism

Answer 42

terrorism that goes beyond national boundaries in terms of the methods used, the people that are targeted or the places from which the terrorists operate.

Question 43

Irredentism

Answer 43

a policy of advocating the restoration to a country of any territory formerly belonging to it.

Question 44

Median line principle

Answer 44

the principle that a nation's maritime boundaries should conform to a median-line equidistant from the shores of neighboring nation-states.

Question 45

Multinational state

Answer 45

state that contains two or more national groups, where no single group is dominant demographically, culturally, and politically.

Question 46

Multistate nations

Answer 46

Ethnic groups territorially divided by one or more international boundaries

Question 47

Nation

Answer 47

a large body of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory.

Question 48

Nationalism

Answer 48

identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.

Question 49

Nation-state ideal

Answer 49

its population constitutes a nation, united by a common descent, a common language and many forms of shared culture.

Question 50

Nation-state

Answer 50

a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent.

Question 51

neocolonialism

Answer 51

the use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, especially former dependencies.

Question 52

north american free trade agreement

Answer 52

an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States that created a trilateral trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994, and superseded the 1988 Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement between the United States and Canada. Wikipedia

Question 53

NATO

Answer 53

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 31 member states – 29 European and two North American

Question 54

Packing

Answer 54

the practice of concentrating a group of voters into a single district in order to reduce their influence in other districts.

Question 55

Peripheral States

Answer 55

In world systems theory, the periphery countries are those that are less developed than the semi-periphery and core countries. These countries usually receive a disproportionately small share of global wealth

Question 56

Political geography

Answer 56

the study of how humans have divided up the Earth's surface for management and control purposes.

Question 57

Political map

Answer 57

shows the political features of a given area. These features can include things like: countries, states, provinces, cities, towns, major highways and byways, and major water structures.

Question 58

Reaportionment

Answer 58

The Reapportionment Act of 1929 allowed states to draw districts of varying size and shape. It also allowed states to abandon districts altogether and elect at least some representatives at-large, which several states chose to do, including New York, Illinois, Washington, Hawaii, and New Mexico.

Question 59

Redistricting

Answer 59

Redistricting is the way we change the districts that determine who represents us. Every member of the U.S. House of Representatives, most of our state legislators, and many of our local legislators in towns and counties are elected from districts.

Question 60

Regional trading blocs

Answer 60

A trade bloc is a type of intergovernmental agreement, often part of a regional intergovernmental organization, where barriers to trade (tariffs and others) are reduced or eliminated among the participating states.

Question 61

Relic boundary

Answer 61

A boundary that no longer exists, although it may still appear on the cultural landscape.

Question 62

Satellite State

Answer 62

A satellite state or dependent state is a country that is formally independent in the world but under heavy political, economic, and military influence or control from another country

Question 63

Self-determination

Answer 63

the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government.

Question 64

semiautonomous region

Answer 64

having a degree of, but not complete, self-government.

Question 65

shatterbelt

Answer 65

a geographical region that is endangered by local conflicts within the states or between countries in the region, as well as the involvement of opposing great powers outside the region.

Question 66

Sovereign state

Answer 66

the legal authority and responsibility of an independent state to govern and regulate its political affairs without foreign interference

Question 67

State or country

Answer 67

States are defined by sovereignty over territory and a group of people. They are what we commonly call countries

Question 68

State terrorism

Answer 68

committed by governments and quasi-governmental agencies and personnel against perceived threats

Question 69

Stateless nation

Answer 69

an ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own sovereign state

Question 70

Strait

Answer 70

a narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two other large areas of water.

Question 71

Subnational terrorism

Answer 71

"The premediated use or threat to use violence by individuals or subnational groups to obtain a political or social objective through the intimidation of a large audience beyond that of the immediate victim

Question 72

Subnational Units

Answer 72

Subnational political units are what results when devolution takes place. A subnational political unit made up of a small area such as a city, town, or village that has its own local government.

Question 73

Subsequent Boundary

Answer 73

A boundary that is established after the settlement with an attempt to accommodate cultural differences

Question 74

Superimposed boundary

Answer 74

political barriers drawn in an area with complete disregard for the cultural, religious, and ethnic divisions within the people living there.

Question 75

Supranational Organizations

Answer 75

are international political bodies that nation-states establish in cooperation with their neighbors for mutual political, military, economic, or cultural gain.

Question 76

Supranationalism

Answer 76

the state or condition of transcending national boundaries, authority, or interests.

Question 77

terrorism

Answer 77

the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.

Question 78

Uneven development

Answer 78

the process by which the social relations of capitalist societies are translated into spatial forms

Question 79

Unitary State

Answer 79

a system of political organization in which most or all of the governing power resides in a centralized government, in contrast to a federal state.

Question 80

United Nations

Answer 80

The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. (Uk, USA, India, france, etc.)

Question 81

UNCLOS

Answer 81

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea Treaty, is an international agreement that establishes a legal framework for all marine and maritime activities. As of May 2023, 168 countries and the European Union are parties.

Question 82

Voting districts

Answer 82

Voting district (VTD) is a generic term adopted by the Bureau of the Census to include the wide variety of small polling areas, such as election districts, precincts, or wards, that State and local governments create for the purpose of administering elections.