Unit 4

Question 1

Earthquakes occur on

Answer 1

fault lines

Question 2

Where is divergent plate boundary located?

Answer 2

Between the Americas & Africa/Europe

Question 3

PLATE BOUNDARY TYPES:

Moving away from each other, Causes Volcanic Eruption

Answer 3

Divergent

Question 4

PLATE BOUNDARY TYPES:

Coming together, Folds Mountains

Answer 4

Convergent

Question 5

Plate Boundry Types

Moving side to side, Earthquakes (Most Famous is the San Andreas Fault)

Answer 5

Transform

Question 6

Earth Layers in order

Answer 6

Crust
Mantle
Core

Question 7

Definition

Paleomagnetism

Answer 7

iron in molten rock will point towards magnetic north as it hardens

Question 8

plates move due to the unequal distribution of heat under the earth’s crust

new rock is in the middle, formed by new lava, & old rock is on outside

Answer 8

Thermal convection

Question 9

Hawaiian islands are a hotspot for which type of natural disaster

Answer 9

Volcanos

Question 10

San Andreas fault, is notorious for causing…

Answer 10

earthquakes

Question 11

a material made of an even amount of sand, clay, & silt

(most effective for crops)

Answer 11

Loam

Question 12

Soil Horizons in Order

Answer 12

O: Organic Material
A: (Top Soil)
B: (subsoil) Horizon is the zone of accumulation
C: Similar to parent material

Question 13

Agricultural practices that lead to improved water quality in nearby streams & rivers

Answer 13

contour plowing
border shrubs
using crop rotation in fields

soil filters and cleans water that moves through it

Question 14

Farm is experiencing crop loss due to high rains causing overly saturated soils. What would help?

Answer 14

Amending the soil with sand to increase the soil permeability

Question 15

Vocab Word

circulation of all that is not directly attached to the planet due its rotation, causes circular pattern clockwise around a high pressure center in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise around a low pressure center in the Southern Hemisphere

Answer 15

Coriolis Effect

Question 16

Atmosphere Layers in Order

Answer 16

Exosphere
Thermosphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere

(from earth upwards) Try Some Milk Then Eggs

Question 17

Where is the good & bad ozone

Answer 17

Stratosphere: Protective Ozone Layer
Troposhere: bad/smog ozone

Question 18

Deserts are located at ?? degrees latitude

Answer 18

30°N & 30°S

Question 19

High Temperature, lots of convention, Hadley Cells, Rainforests & Consistent Temps refers to an area…

Answer 19

near the equator

Question 20

An area with defined seasons is likely

Answer 20

further from equator

Question 21

Convection Currents caused by

Answer 21

air flowing from High to Low pressure

Question 22

Unequal Heating over earth is caused by…

Answer 22

-Earth’s tilt
-amount of atmosphere the sun’s rays must pass through at that location

(pin prick vs spread out)

Question 23

Global Air Circulation caused & affected by:

Answer 23

-uneven heating
-Seasons
-The Coriolis effect

Question 24

La Nina causes

Answer 24

stronger normal conditions

(not temperature but like dryness & wetness)

Question 25

El Nino causes

Answer 25

Current & weather goes opposite direction, trade winds caused by temperature and salinity | (Thermohaline)

Question 26

# Vocab word temperature salt circulation, ice is fresh water and the salt stays in the liquid, warmer current is on top, also known as the ocean conveyor belt

Answer 26

Thermohaline

Question 27

Gulf Stream current is known for

Answer 27

Causing warmer temperatures in the UK

Question 28

Protocol that reduced GHG emissions

Answer 28

The Kyoto protocol

Question 29

areas of water storage outside of lange bodies of water

Answer 29

Watershed

Question 30

Rainforests are located

Answer 30

on the equator

Question 31

Usable water is most commonly found

Answer 31

in rivers

Question 32

Reasons that human populations historically have settled in floodplains

Answer 32

-The soil in floodplains is usually fertile -The terrain in floodplains tend to be flat -Floodplains are close to rivers for transportation

Question 33

Why southern Hemisphere has a more regulated temperature

Answer 33

Land heats up & cools down faster | (more water, less land)

Question 34

What exerts a major influence on Earth’s overall climate?

Answer 34

* The annual amount of solar radiation that reaches Earth’s surface * The concentrations of the specific gasses in Earth’s atmosphere * Distribution of land masses & oceans, combined with Earth’s topography * daily rotation of Earth on its axis, and its annual revolution around the Sun

Question 35

Angle of the sun’s rays determines the intensity on earth, latitude that is directly horizontal to the sun’s rays is the most intense

Question 36

Area that receives the highest solar radiation per unit area

Answer 36

Equator | (decreases toward the poles)

Question 37

The solar radiation a location receives varies based on

Answer 37

Season

Question 38

What days of the year have the most and least radiation?

Answer 38

Most Radiation = longest day of summer Least Radiation = shortest winter day

Question 39

El Nino

Answer 39

-Seasonal patterns (trade winds) weaken -Caused by Trade Winds pushing warm water to the top of the ocean -Rainfall moving east is a sign of el nino -blocked upwelling

Question 40

El Nino causes

Answer 40

-Coral Bleaching increases -Seal population decreases -Europe and most of the US just experiences a bit more rain but not much else -miscarriages, brain diseases, malaria & invasive species increase -Fewer hurricanes form in the Central Atlantic

Question 41

La Nina causes

Answer 41

-Increases upwelling -Cool ocean upwellings lead to nutrient rich water & higher primary productivity -phytoplankton production increases

Question 42

Neutral Conditions imply ??? waters in Australia and ??? waters in Peru

Answer 42

Austrialia: Warm Waters Peru: Cooler Waters

Question 43

El Nino effects are focused in the ????? ocean, not the ????? ocean.

Answer 43

El Niño ocean effects are focused in the Pacific Ocean, not in the Atlantic ocean

Question 44

Mountains trap moisture traveling off the Pacific Ocean on the western flanks, creating a ????

Answer 44

rainshadow: land that is drier because of a high elevation area blocking precipitation (air has less moisture) | many mid-latitude deserts are in rain shadows

Question 45

Mountain passes act as funnels that ???? wind speeds

Answer 45

increases | (good place for wind turbines)

Question 46

???? occurs when the normal cooling of air with altitude is reversed, cold air near the ground is overlaid with a layer of warm air, which prevents convection

Answer 46

temperature inversion

Question 47

Basins enclosed by mountains are more likely to have .....

Answer 47

temperature inversions that concentrate pollutants in the lower atmosphere | (Mexico City & LA) ## Footnote During an inversion on the mountain it may be sunny and warm while in the valley there is chilly fog

Question 48

the climate of such coastal regions tends to be

Answer 48

wetter

Question 49

Bordering an ocean helps...

Answer 49

stabilize humidity

Question 50

Warm ocean currents bring ??? Cold ocean currents bring ???

Answer 50

warm currents: warm moist unstable air with low pressure (storms etc) cold currents: cold dry air with high pressure system (clear skys)

Question 51

Low pressure systems bring:

Answer 51

Storms, hail, show, fog, etc

Question 52

High Pressure Systems bring:

Answer 52

Clear Skies

Question 53

Both El Nino & La Nina can be predicted ????? and last anywhere from 2-7 years

Answer 53

a few months before they happen

Question 54

Atmosphere Layer with Lowest Density

Answer 54

Exosphere

Question 55

Layer of atmosphere where aurora borealis, & weather occurs

Answer 55

Thermosphere

Question 56

Atmophere Layer containing satellites & shooting stars

Answer 56

Mesosphere