Unit 4 Flashcards
(491 cards)
1
Q
Abreaction
A
The expression and consequent discharge of emotional tension associated with repressed ideas or emotions achieved through reliving the experience that caused it (typically through hypnosis or suggestion).
2
Q
Absorb
A
to read or hear a large amount of new information and understand it //
3
Q
Achieve
A
To do or get what you want.
4
Q
Acquainted
A
To not be close friends with SB, but having met them a few times before, although you do not know them very well.
5
Q
Act on/ upon sth
A
To do STH because of another person’s advice or order, or because you have received information or had an idea.
6
Q
Acute
A
very serious
7
Q
Adamant
A
determined not to change your opinion or a decision that you have made
Remain adamant
8
Q
Adjunct
A
sth that is added or joined to sth bigger or more important
9
Q
Affectation
A
a way of behaving, speaking etc that is not sincere or natural
Sth is an affectation.
“Calling everyone “darling” is an Aff she has
10
Q
Affixed
A
to fasten or stick something to something else
11
Q
Afflict
A
Afflicted (Adj)/ Affliction (N)
12
Q
Aforementioned
A
mentioned before in an earlier part of a document, article, book etc
13
Q
Afterthought
A
STH that is mentioned or added later because it has not been thought of it or planned it before.
14
Q
Aggravate
A
to make a bad situation, an illness, or an injury worse // to make someone angry or annoyed
15
Q
Agitation
A
when you are so anxious, nervous, or upset that you cannot think calmly // public argument or action for social or political change
1:She was in a state of considerable agitation. // 2: Mass agitation for political reform
16
Q
Ailment
A
An illness that is not very serious.
17
Q
Alternative Medicine
A
Acupuncture, Fengshui, Herbalism, Homeopathy, Chiropractic
18
Q
Amorphous
A
having no definite shape or features
19
Q
Ample
A
more than enough
20
Q
Annoyance
A
a feeling of slight anger
21
Q
Anti- inflammatory
A
What reduces or prevents swelling
22
Q
Antonyms of “Fearless”
A
.
23
Q
Aptly
A
very suitable (appropriate)
24
Q
Arousal
A
excitement, especially sexual excitement
25
At the end of one’s tether
without patience, endurance or strength. Being worn out, exhausted, exasperated.
26
At the threshold of sth
at the beginning of a new and important event or development
27
At the threshold of
At/on the beginning of STH or very close to STH such as a new condition, an important discovery, an event, a development etc.
28
Attribute sth to sth/sb
to believe or say that a situation or event is caused by something // if people in general attribute a particular statement, painting, piece of music etc to someone, they believe that person said it, painted it etc
29
Attribute
a quality or feature, especially one that is considered to be good or useful
30
Avail oneself of sth
To accept an offer or use an opportunity to do STH.
31
Awake
To wake up or to make SB wake up.
32
Awaken
to stop sleeping, or to make SB stop sleeping.
33
Awoken/ woken from:
to stop sleeping, or to make SB stop sleeping.
34
Bashful
Shy and easily embarrassed
35
Be wronged
treated unfairly or unjustly
36
Bear responsibility
To support and endure a responsibility
37
Bear/ have/ hold/ harbour a grudge (against)
to maintain resentment or anger against someone for a past offence (related to anger).
38
Beget
To cause STH or make it happen.
39
Belie
to give someone a false idea about something // to show that something cannot be true or real
40
Bereave
Bereft (adj)/ Bereavement (noun)
41
Blow
a sudden event which has damaging effects on sb/sth causing sadness or disappointment.
42
Blow to your ego
A sudden action or event that harms or damages your ego, causing you to be sad or disappointed.
43
Boil
To be extremely angry
44
Bolster
To improve STH or make it stronger
45
Boost
to increase or improve something and make it more successful
46
Bound up with sth
To be very closely connected with STH such as a particular problem, situation, idea, activity, etc.
47
Bring sth out
to take something out of a place
48
Broaden
Broad/ Breadth
49
Buffer
SB/STH that reduces a shock or protects SB/STH against difficulties or from being harmed.
50
Bundle of nerves
to be very nervous
51
Bundle
a group of things such as papers, clothes, or sticks that are fastened or tied together
52
Burn out
extreme state which many times prevents you from doing basic everyday things.
53
Burn the candles at both ends
to work or do other things from early in the morning until late at night and get very little rest.
54
Burn the midnight oil
read or work late into the night
55
Bury your head in your arms
to cover or hide your face with something. (not related to stress)
56
Threshold
at the beginning of a new and important event or development
57
Cadre
a small group of specially trained people in a profession, political party, or military force
58
Catalysts
something or someone that causes an important change or event to happen
59
Causation
the action of causing something to happen or exist // causality
60
Cherish
To keep an ambition/a belief/a dream/a hope/a memory/a moment/a tradition in your mind for a long period of time, because you consider it very important for you.
61
Chimaera:
STH, especially an idea or hope, that is not really possible and can never exist
62
Come true:
When a dream becomes reality in the way that SB has said or hoped that they would after a long time.
63
Come/ get to grips with
To begin to understand and deal with STH difficult.
64
Concomitant
existing or happening together, especially as a result of something
65
Confer
to discuss something with other people, so that everyone can express their opinions and decide on something
66
Conquer one’s fears
.
67
Contrariwise
in the opposite way or direction
68
Cool (sb) down
To become calm after being angry.// To make SB calm, less excited, or less enthusiastic after being angry.
69
Cope with one’s fears
.
70
Cornerstone:
STH that is extremely important because everything else depends on it.
71
Coy
Shy or pretending to be shy and innocent, especially about love or sex, sometimes in order to make people more interested in you. A coy smile/look
72
Cram
to force something into a small space //
73
Crumble
To begin to fail or get weaker or to come to an end. To be crumbling emotionally
74
Crusader
SB who makes a long and determined effort to achieve STH that they believe to be right or to stop STH they believe to be wrong.
75
CRY Bawl:
to shout in a loud voice // cry loudly (llorar a gritos/ hacer berrinche)
76
CRY Blubber:
to cry noisily, especially in a way that annoys people (llorar a moco tendido)
77
CRY Sb’s eyes fill with tears:
To make SB’s eyes become full of tears.
78
CRY Sob:
to cry noisily while breathing in short sudden bursts (sollozar)
79
CRY Tears are streaming/ rolling/ running down sb’s face: When tears flow quickly over a surface smoothly in a particular direction or place and in great amounts without stopping.
.
80
CRY Tears well up and flood over (the most trivial situations):
Tears come into SB’s eyes and they are affected suddenly and strongly.
81
CRY Tears well up in sb’s eyes
: Tears come into SB’s eyes.
82
CRY To be in tears/ in floods of tears:
To be crying a lot.
83
CRY To be moved to tears:
To be so upset that you cry.
84
CRY To be on the verge of tears:
To be almost crying.
85
CRY To break down
To be very upset, lose control of your feelings, and start to cry, especially in front of other people
86
CRY To break down and cry/ weep: idem
To be very upset, lose control of your feelings, and start to cry, especially in front of other people
87
CRY To break down in tears
To be very upset, lose control of your feelings, and start to cry, especially in front of other people
88
CRY To bring tears to sb’s eyes
: To make SB cry.
89
CRY To burst into tears:
To suddenly start crying
90
CRY To cry one’s eyes/ heart out:
To be extremely sad and cry a lot.
91
CRY To cry oneself to sleep:
To cry until SB falls asleep.
92
CRY To do one’s best to never let tears come out:
.
93
CRY To feel a tear come to one’s eyes:
.
94
CRY To fight/ hold/ choke back tears:
To stop yourself from expressing how you really feel, especially with difficulty.
95
CRY To have an overbrimming lake of tears ever ready to flow just under the surface:
.
96
CRY To have teary eyes:
To be full of or involving tears.
97
CRY To let the tears flow:
.
98
CRY To reduce sb to tears:
To make SB cry.
99
CRY To shed public tears:
To cry so that everyone can see.
100
CRY To weep openly and tug at the world’s heartstrings:
To cry because you feel very sad without hiding your feelings and cause strong feelings of love or sympathy in everybody.
101
CRY Wail:
to say something in a loud, sad, and complaining way (gemido, llanto, lamento)
102
CRY Weep:
to cry, especially because you feel very sad (weep)
103
CRY Whimper:
to make low crying sounds, or to speak in this way (lloriquear, gimotear, especialmente en animales)
104
CRY Whine:
to complain in a sad annoying voice about something (gimotear, lloriquear, quejarse)
105
Culprit
the person who is guilty of a crime or doing something wrong
106
Daydream
Pleasant thoughts you have while you are awake that make you forget what you are doing.
107
Daydream
to think about something pleasant, especially when this makes you forget what you should be doing
108
Deem
To have a particular opinion about SB/STH.
109
Defeat one’s fears
.
110
Depict
to describe sth or smn in writing or speech, or to show them in a painting, picture etc
111
Deplete
To reduce STH by a large amount so that there is not enough left; to be reduced by a large amount.
112
Derisive
showing that you think someone or something is stupid or silly
113
Dial sth back/down
To reduce STH or make it less extreme.
114
Diffident
Not having much confidence in yourself; not wanting to talk about yourself. Shy.
115
Dire
extremely serious or terrible // A ~ about STH terrible that will happen in the future
116
Distraught
so upset and worried that you cannot think clearly
117
Divert sth from/ into
To cause SB/STH to change direction.
118
Monger
someone who says unpleasant things
119
Double-edged sword
STH that seems to be good or has advantages, but that can have a bad effect and disadvantages.
120
Drain
To make SB/STH weaker, poorer, etc. by using up their/its strength, money, etc.
121
Dreadful
Used to emphasise how bad SB/STH is.
122
Dwindle
(to gradually become less and less or smaller and smaller)
123
Effect
Efficient- effective- efficacious/ Efficacy
124
Elude
to escape from someone or something, especially by tricking them
125
Empower
Empowered/ -ing / Empowerment
126
Encourage
Courageous/ Courage
127
Endeavour
/ɪnˈdevə/ to try very hard
128
Endeavour
an attempt to do something new or difficult
129
Endure
to be in a difficult or painful situation for a long time without complaining // to remain alive or continue to exist for a long time
130
Entrust
to make someone responsible for doing something important, or for taking care of someone
131
Erode
To gradually destroy, remove, or reduce STH or make it weaker over a period of time.// To be destroyed, removed, reduced or made weaker in this way.
132
Eustress
A positive form of stress having a beneficial effect on health, motivation, performance, and emotional well-being.
133
Exacerbate
to make a bad situation worse
134
Exasperation
when you feel annoyed because someone continues to do something that is upsetting you
135
Exposed to
not protected from attack, from the weather
136
Extrovert
A lively and confident person who enjoys being with other people.
137
Extroverted
An extroverted person, behaviour
138
Face
Deal with a difficult situation
139
Far and wide
Over a large area or distance.
140
Fear
.
141
Entrepreneurs
/ɒntrəprəˈnɜː/ someone who starts a new business or arranges business deals in order to make money, often in a way that involves financial risks
142
FEAR get/ give goosebumps (NAmE)
A sudden action or event that harms or damages your ego, causing you to be sad or disappointed.
143
FEAR Get/give gooseflesh (BrE):
A sudden action or event that harms or damages your ego, causing you to be sad or disappointed.
144
FEAR To be as white as a sheet
To be extremely pale, usually because of illness, a shock, or fear.
145
FEAR To be frightened out of one’s wits/ to death:
To be very frightened.
146
FEAR To be scared stiff/silly (half) to death/ out of one’s wits:
To be extremely frightened so much that you stop behaving sensibly.
147
FEAR To chill somebody to the bone/ chill sb to the marrow/ chill sb’s blood
.
148
FEAR To chill the spine:
To make SB feel very frightened in an exciting way.
149
FEAR To feel one’s blood run cold/ freeze:
To make SB feel suddenly very frightened or worried.
150
FEAR To get the wind up/ put wind up somebody:
To become/be anxious, frightened, or nervous about STH.
151
FEAR To give someone the creeps:
To make SB feel nervous and a little frightened, especially because SB/STH is unpleasant or strange.
152
FEAR To give someone the jitters:
To have feelings of being anxious and nervous, especially before an important event or before having to do STH difficult.
153
FEAR To give someone the shivers:
To make SB feel very frightened or disgusted
154
FEAR To give someone the squeeby-jeebies/ the heebie-jeebies:
To give SB a nervous or frightened feeling or worry.
155
FEAR To give someone the willies:
To give SB a nervous, unpleasant or frightened feeling.
156
FEAR To have/ get butterflies in one’s stomach:
To feel very nervous or excited before doing STH.
157
FEAR To have/ get the jitters:
To have feelings of being anxious and nervous, especially before an important event or before having to do STH difficult.
158
FEAR To make one’s teeth chatter:
To make SB’s teeth hit or knock together quickly and continuously because SB is cold or afraid
159
FEAR To make someone’s flesh creep:
To make SB feel frightened, nervous, or uncomfortable.
160
FEAR To make someone’s hair stand on end:
To shock or frighten SB.
161
FEAR To put the fear of God into someone:
To make SB feel very frightened by making sure they know what will happen to them if they do not do STH that they must do, especially in order to make them do STH.
162
FEAR To send shivers (up and) down the spine:
To make SB feel very frightened or excited.
163
FEAR To set someone’s teeth on edge:
When a sound or taste makes SB feel physically uncomfortable.
164
FEAR To shiver:
To shake slightly because you are cold, frightened, excited, etc
165
FEAR To shudder with sth/ at sth/ to do sth:
To shake for a short time because of a strong feeling, because you are cold, frightened, or because you think STH is very unpleasant.
166
Feared
Producing fear in others.
167
Fearful
Frightened that STH bad might happen.
168
Fearless:
Not afraid of anything, in a way that people admire.
169
Fearmongers
People who cause fear in others
170
Fearsome
Making people feel very frightened // very frigthening
171
Feel annoyed
slightly angry
172
Feel bitter
angry, jealous, and upset because you think you have been treated unfairly
173
Feel miffed
slightly annoyed or upset
174
Feel offended
angry and upset by someone’s behaviour or remarks
175
Feel outraged
feeling of great anger and shock
176
Outrage
Make smn feel angry and shocked
177
Feel peeved
Annoyed
178
Feel pissed/ pissed off
Annoyed
179
Sorrow
a feeling of great sadness, usually because smn has died or because sth terrible has happened to you
180
Fend sb/sth off:
To defend yourself from STH such as difficult questions, criticisms, competition, or a situation you do not want to deal with, especially by avoiding them.
181
Fight-or-flight response
A reaction that people have to a dangerous situation that makes them either stay and deal with it, or run away.
182
Find different avenues for expression and different catalysts (precipitant)
To find a choice, a channel, an outlet, or a way of making progress towards sth, a person or thing that causes a change
183
Flare
To suddenly become angry, violent.
184
Flare (up)
To suddenly become very angry or violent with SB about STH they have said or done. To suddenly start burning more brightly, said of a person to suddenly become angry.
185
Flipside
The bad effects of STH such as an idea, argument, or action that also has good effects.
186
Flood
To cover a place with STH, or to become covered with STH.
187
Fly off the handle
to react in a very angry way to sth that someone says or does.
188
Foreboding
A strong feeling that STH bad, unpleasant or dangerous is going to happen soon.
189
Foster
to help a skill, feeling, idea etc develop over a period of time
190
Fraught with sth
To be full of STH unpleasant.
191
Frazzled
to be extremely tired in a nervous or slightly worried way after a lot of mental or physical effort (related to stress).
192
Freeze, flight, fight or fright response
The expanded version of the fight or flight response which scientists have come up with to cover a wide scope of fear responses.
193
Fright
a sudden feeling of fear
194
Frustration
the feeling of being annoyed, upset, or impatient, because you cannot control or change a situation, or achieve something
195
Fuel
To make STH, especially STH bad, increase or become stronger. To supply sth with material that can be burnt to produce heat or power.
196
Fulfil
To do or get what you want.
197
Full-blown
Having all the characteristics of SB/STH that is at its most complete or advanced stage; fully developed. Fully developed; having all characteristics.
198
Full-fledged:
Completely developed, trained, or established.// With all the qualifications necessary for STH.
199
Fury
(a feeling of) extreme, often uncontrolled anger
200
Geared toward/ to a particular purpose:
to organise or design sth in order to achieve a purpose.
201
Get down to brass tacks
(To start to consider) the basic facts or practical details of STH.
202
Get/lose one’s bearings
To figure out one's position or situation relative to one’s surroundings
203
Give (sth) a nudge
To give STH a slight push
204
Give in
accept that you are defeated in a game, fight, competition // to finally agree to do or accept something that you had at first opposed, especially because someone has forced or persuaded you to
205
Give in to sth
to no longer try to stop yourself from doing something you want to do
206
Give sb the creeps
to give someone a feeling of uneasiness or mild fright.
207
Given that
taking that fact into account.
208
Go out of the way
to make more effort than expected.
209
Go through the roof:
to get very angry
210
Grease the wheels of life (NAmE):
To help STH to happen or to be done easily and successfully without problems, especially in business or politics.
211
Grief-stricken
extremely sad
212
Grievance
STH that you think is unfair and that you complain or protest about.// A feeling that you have been badly treated.
213
Grim (state)
Making you feel worried, unhappy, unpleasant, or depressing.
214
Haul
a large amount of illegal or stolen goods
215
Qualms
a feeling of slight worry or doubt because you are not sure that what you are doing is right
216
Have one’s hair standing on end
to cause one to be very frightened (related to fears and phobias).
217
Haze
A mental state in which SB’s thoughts, feelings, etc. are not clear and it is not possible to think clearly.
218
Hectic
Very busy or full of activity.
219
Herbalist
A practitioner of herbalism
220
Heresy
a belief that disagrees with the official principles of a particular religion
221
Hijack
To take control of STH and use it for SB’s own purposes. To keep your temper from hijacking your life
222
Hinder
: To make it difficult for SB to do STH or for STH to develop, happen or succeed.
223
Hirsute
having a lot of hair on your body and face
224
Hit like a tidal wave
STH that starts suddenly and strikes hard.
225
Hit the roof
to get very angry
226
Hold
to have a particular opinion or belief
227
Hone
To develop and improve STH, especially a skill at doing STH, especially when you are already very good at it, over a period of time.
228
Horror- stricken/ horror- struck:
so shocked or frightened that you do not know what to do
229
Host of emotions:
.
230
Hustlers
someone who tries to trick people into giving them money
231
Impair
To damage STH or make STH worse. One’s judgement, motor skills, academic performance, a function, freedom, vision, an ability.
232
Impede
to make it difficult for someone or something to move forward or make progress
233
In a huff
to be angry and offended // feeling angry or bad-tempered, especially because someone has offended you
234
In both, subtle and seismic way
In a way that is unnoticed (subtle) but has a strong effect (seismic)
235
In lieu
Instead of STH.
236
In the face of sth
in a situation where there are many problems, difficulties, or dangers
237
In the heat of
In the most intense or active stage of some activity or condition
238
In/ at/ to the forefront
To be in a leading position in a particular group or an important activity that is trying to achieve STH or develop new ideas.
239
Indignation
feelings of anger and surprise because you feel insulted or unfairly treated
240
Infuse
To slowly put a drug or other substance into a person’s vein.// To fill SB/STH with a particular feeling or quality.
241
Ingrained (in sb/ sth)
Firmly established attitudes, behaviours, habits, prejudices, beliefs, etc. that have existed for a long time and they are therefore difficult to change.
242
Inhibited
Unable to relax or express your feelings in a natural way
243
Introvert
A quiet person who is more interested in their own thoughts and feelings than in spending time with other people
244
Introverted
An introverted person, behaviour, child, individual, group.
245
Irrational
Not based on, or not using, clear logical thought or reason
246
Irritation
the feeling of being annoyed about something, especially something that happens repeatedly or for a long time
247
Jumpy
said of a person who is anxious and uneasy (related to stress).
248
Jungle a job with family and kids
(related to stress)
249
Keep a lid on
To keep STH secret or hidden.// To keep STH under control very carefully, especially so that it does not cause problems or becomes worse.
250
Keep alive
To make a dream continue to exist.
251
Keep/ hold sb/ sth in check
To keep SB/STH under control and prevent them/it from spreading, getting worse, becoming too great, or powerful. To keep one’s anger in check.
252
Knee-jerk
to react to a situation too quickly, usually by saying or doing something without thinking properly about it
253
Kneejerk (reaction):
A reaction in which you feel or say STH about a situation from habit, without thinking about it.
254
Languish
Be forced to remain in a place where they are unhappy // if something languishes, it fails to improve and develop or become successful
255
Lashing out
To suddenly speak angrily to SB/STH or suddenly criticise SB/STH very strongly.// To suddenly try to hit or attack SB/STH with a series of violent uncontrolled movements using your hands or feet.
256
LAUGH Burst out laughing:
To suddenly start laughing
257
LAUGH Laugh your head off:
To laugh a lot very loudly and for a long time
258
LAUGH To get/ to have a belly laugh:
To Get/have a deep and very loud laugh.
259
LAUGH To giggle:
to laugh quickly, quietly, and in a high voice, because something is funny or because you are nervous or embarrassed
260
LAUGH To let go with the kind of laughter that has us clutching our bellies and gasping for air:
.
261
LAUGH What tickles one’s funny bone:
To amuse.// To make SB laugh, to be humorous to SB.
262
LAUGH A barrel/ bundle of laughs:
SB/STH that is fun a lot or makes you laugh, often used jokingly when they are not fun at all.
263
LAUGH A burst of laughter:
A short period of loud laughter.
264
LAUGH A roar/ growl of laughter:
A deep long loud sound of laughter.
265
LAUGH Gales/ fits/ ripples of laughter:
A lot of sudden loud sounds of laughter
266
LAUGH In hysterics:
To be laughing loudly and uncontrollably without being able to stop.
267
LAUGH Laugh heartily/ uproariously/ hysterically:
To laugh a lot.
268
LAUGH To beam
to smile very happily
269
LAUGH To burst into laughter:
To suddenly start laughing
270
LAUGH To cackle
to laugh in a loud unpleasant way, making short high sounds
271
LAUGH To chortle
to laugh because you are amused or pleased about something
272
LAUGH To chuckle
to laugh quietly
273
LAUGH To crack up a joke:
To say STH intended to be funny, such as a joke, and make SB laugh a lot
274
LAUGH To explode/ bellow/ hoot/ gurgle/ snort/ roar/ shriek/ scream/ howl/ whoop/ rock/ shake with laughter:
.
275
LAUGH To get the giggles
a quick, quiet, high-sounding laugh (get or give G)
276
LAUGH To give a gurgle of laughter:
The moment when babies make a sound in the throat, especially when they are happy.
277
LAUGH To grimace
to twist your face in an ugly way because you do not like sth, because you are feeling pain, or because you are trying to be funny
278
LAUGH To grin
to smile widely
279
LAUGH To jeer
to laugh at smn or shout unkind things at them in a way that shows you do not respect them
280
LAUGH To leer
to look at smn in an unpleasant way that shows that you think they are sexually attractive
281
LAUGH To smirk
to smile in an unpleasant way that shows that you are pleased by smn else’s bad luck or think you are better than other people
282
LAUGH To sneer
to smile or speak in a very unkind way that shows you have no respect for smn or sth
283
LAUGH To snicker
to laugh quietly and in a way that is not nice at sth which is not supposed to be funny
284
LAUGH To snigger
to laugh quietly in a way that is not nice at sth which is not supposed to be funny
285
LAUGH To split one’s sides:
To laugh a lot at SB/STH
286
LAUGH To titter:
to laugh quietly in a high voice, especially because you are nervous
287
LAUGH To wipe the smile off sb’s face
: To make SB feel less happy or confident, especially because SB else is annoyed and they think they are clever and do not think the situation is funny
288
Lay the groundwork for sth
to provide the conditions that will make it possible for sth to happen or succeed.
289
Layperson:
someone who is not trained in a particular subject or type of work, especially when they are being compared with someone who is (layman/ laywoman)
290
Lean towards sth
To tend to support, begin to support, or prefer STH such as a particular set of opinions, beliefs, interests, etc.
291
Level-headed
calm and sensible in making judgments or decisions (OPP: hot-headed)
292
Like a red rag to a bull
to be certain to produce anger or violent reaction.
293
Likely to be removed from the gene pool
.
294
Lingering
continuing to exist for longer than is usual or desirable
295
Lodge
To become fixed or stuck somewhere; to make STH become fixed or stuck somewhere. Lodge in sth/ lodge sth in sth
296
Lodge a complaint/ porposal/ appeal
to make a formal or official complaint, protest etc
297
Lose your temper
to suddenly become angry; to be in a bad, foul, etc temper. To be feeling very angry.
298
Low bar of cost and a low risk of stigma
That will not cause or cost much stigmatisation or criticism
299
Maladaptive
not adjusting adequately or appropriately to the environment or situation.
300
Maladaptive daydreaming
when daydreaming becomes so intense that it disrupts your everyday life.
301
Malleable
People, ideas, etc, that can be easily influenced, changed, or controlled by other people
302
Meet
to experience a problem, attitude, or situation
303
Meet the eyes
to see sth
304
Meet/face one’s nemesis
To meet/face an opponent or enemy that is likely to be impossible for SB to defeat, or a situation that is likely to be impossible for SB to deal with.
305
Menacing
making you expect something unpleasant
306
Mend
to end a quarrel or difficult situation by dealing with the problem that is causing it
307
Mildly
in a gentle way without being angry // slightly
308
Mismatch
A combination of things or people that do not work well together or are not suitable for each other. Out of proportion to sth.
309
Monitor
to carefully watch and check a situation in order to see how it changes over a period of time
310
Motionless
not moving at al
311
Muster
To get enough courage to do STH, especially with difficulty, even though you are afraid to do it. To gather/ pluck up (courage).
312
Nervous wreck
someone who is very nervous, tired, or unhealthy
313
Never-never land
an imaginary place where everything is perfect
314
Niggling
sth continues to worry a person even though they refuse to think about it.
315
Hard and fast
A clear, fixed, or definite reason that is not able to be changed in any circumstances // clear, definite, and always able to be used
316
Oddity
a strange or unusual person or thing // a strange quality in someone or something
317
Offending
making people feel angry or insulted // relating to or guilty of an illegal offence
318
Offset
To use one cost, payment, or situation in order to cancel or reduce the effect of another.
319
Onwards
Forward
320
Optimist
A person who always expects good things to happen or things to be successful.
321
Optimistic
An optimistic person, view, outcome, result, response, mood. Optimistic + about
322
Outburst
A sudden strong expression of an emotion, especially anger.
323
Outcome
The final result or effect of an action or event, especially when no one knows what it will be until it actually happens.
324
Outlet
a way of expressing or getting rid of strong feelings
325
Outlook
your general attitude to life and the world // what is expected to happen in the future
326
Outweigh
To be more important or valuable than STH else
327
Outwit
to gain an advantage over someone using tricks or clever plans
328
Over-the-counter
Medicines which are sold without a medical prescription
329
Overcome
to successfully control a feeling or problem that prevents you from achieving something
330
Go into overdrive
To start being very active and working very hard.
331
Overhaul
To examine a system or method carefully and make many changes in it in order to improve it.
332
Panacea
STH that people think will make everything better and solve all their problems of a particular situation.
333
Panic-stricken:
feeling so afraid or worried that you cannot think clearly or calmly.
334
Passive constructions
To be traumatised, To be intimidated, To be harassed, To be threatened, To be menaced, To be overwhelmed, To be obsessed, To be undermined, To be crippled
335
Perilous
very dangerous
336
Peril
Great danger // A danger or problem in a particular activity or situation.
337
Pessimist
A person who always expects bad things to happen
338
Pessimistic
Thinking that bad things are more likely to happen or emphasising the bad part of a situation. Pessimistic + about
339
Phobias
Aerophobia, Insectphobia, Apiphobia, Coulrophobia, Technophobia, Atrophobia, Koumpounophobia, Claustrophobia, Sociophobia, Frigophobia, Ophidiophobia, Arachnophobia, Acrophobia
340
Pie in the sky
STH good that SB says will happen, but which seems impossible or unlikely to happen
341
Pipe dream
A dream that is impossible to achieve or is extremely unlikely to happen.
342
Pop out of thin air
To appear unexpectedly in a mysterious way from nowhere or nothing, as if by magic.
343
Poverty- stricken
extremely poor
344
Precipitant
A cause of a particular action or event.// A cause or stimulus which precipitates a particular condition
345
Prevalent
Preponderant or prevailing
346
Prey on a person’s mind
to make smn worry, to be constantly on someone’s mind, worries or anxieties related to a problem or a difficult situation.
347
Prime
the time in your life when you are strongest and most active
348
Prime
Most important // of the very best quality or kind
349
Prime
to prepare someone for a situation so that they know what to do
350
Proclivity
a tendency to behave in a particular way, or to like a particular thing – used especially about something bad
351
Prompt
To cause STH to happen. Trigger, cause. Make smn decide to do sth
352
Pump
To make liquid or gas move in a particular direction as if it is being forced by a pump. / To remove liquid from STH
353
Pursue
To continue doing an activity or trying to achieve STH over a long period of time.
354
Pursue the matter/argument/question etc
to continue trying to find out about or persuade someone about a particular subject
355
Push sb’s buttons
To make SB feel strong emotions or to react in either a positive or a negative way.
356
Put one’s finger on something
To (not) know or (not) be able to explain or identify exactly what is wrong, different, or unusual about a particular situation. To specify/ pinpoint.
357
Rage
a strong feeling of uncontrollable anger
358
Take advantage of sth
to use a particular situation to do or get what you want
359
Rear-ende
to hit the back of one car with another in an accident:
360
Receive credit for
Receive acknowledgment or praise for some accomplishment
361
Reframe
to change the way something is expressed or considered // to change the plans or basic details of (a policy, idea, etc) // cahnge focus or perspective
362
Reinforce
to give support to an opinion, idea, or feeling, and make it stronger // to make a group of people, especially an army, stronger by adding people, equipment etc
363
Release
To express feelings such as anger or worry in order to get rid of them
364
Resentment
a feeling of anger because something has happened that you think is unfair
365
Reserved
Said of a person or their character: slow or unwilling to show feelings or express opinions
366
Restore
Restored/ restorative / Restoration
367
Reverie
A state of imagining or thinking about pleasant things, almost as though you are dreaming. (/ˈrevəri/)
368
Revivify
to give new life and health to someone or something
369
Rev up
if you rev up a system or organization, or if it revs up, it becomes more active
370
Rift
A situation in which two people or groups have had a serious disagreement and begun to dislike and not trust each other.
371
Roam
to walk or travel, usually for a long time, with no clear purpose or direction (wander)
372
Rouse
To wake SB up, especially when they are sleeping deeply. To rouse sb from sleep/ bed, dreams, slumber
373
Ruminate
to think carefully and deeply about something
374
Run in families
When many people in a particular family have a common feature such as a quality, disease, or skill.
375
Rush
When a liquid /feeling flows strongly // a sudden strong, usually pleasant feeling that you get from taking a drug or from doing something exciting
376
Scaffold
the temporary support or guidance provided to a child by parents, older siblings, peers, or other adults in the process of solving a problem.
377
Scant
not enough
378
Scaremongers
People who say things in order to raise fear
379
Scar
A permanent mark that is left on the skin after a wound has got better.
380
See red
to become angry. It makes me see red.
381
Seethe
To be extremely angry about STH but to try not to show other people how angry you are.
382
Seethe/Seething:
extremely angry about something but not showing it to others.
383
Seismic
very great, serious, or important
384
Self-righteous
proudly sure that your beliefs, attitudes, and morals are good and right, in a way that annoys other people – used to show disapproval
385
Set off
To make STH start happening, especially when you do not intend to do so.
386
Set sth down:
to state how sth should be done in an official document or set of rules // to write about sth so that you have a record of it
387
Set sth off:
To make STH start happening, especially when you do not intend to do so.
388
Shell-shocked
related to PTSD, mainly traumatised soldiers from WWI // feeling tired, confused, or anxious because of a recent difficult experience
389
Shield
To protect SB/STH from danger, harm or STH unpleasant (barrier).
390
Shore (sth) up:
To help or support STH that is weak, likely to fail, or is not working well.
391
Short fuse:
to become angry quickly
392
Shrink
to become smaller, or to make something smaller, through the effects of heat or water
393
Shrink
to become or to make something smaller in amount, size, or value
394
Shrivel (up)
To become smaller and covered in lines because it is very dry, cold, hot or old.
395
Shrug one’s shoulders
to show indecision or indifference (not related to stress)
396
Shuttle
from one place to another place, they frequently go from one place to the other.
397
Skyrocket
if a price or an amount skyrockets, it greatly increases very quickly
398
Slight
In small degree
399
Slumber
to sleep
400
Slumber
Sleep
401
Smoulder
To be filled with a strong emotion that you do not fully express.
402
Snappy
to be annoyed and irritable, inclined to speak in an angry, sharpy way (related to anger)
403
Soar
To rise sharply to a high level and take place suddenly and steeply.
404
Social landscape
the general situation in which a particular activity takes place
405
Soothe
To make SB who is anxious, upset, angry, etc. feel calmer and less anxious. Self-soothing
406
Sought to
seek to (past part)/ Seek: to try to achieve or get something
407
Spike SB’s gun
to spoil an opponent’s plans
408
Spike
a sudden large increase in the number or rate of something
409
Spite
a feeling of wanting to hurt or upset people, for example because you are jealous or think you have been unfairly treated
410
Sheer
(Feeling) Pure
411
Squirt
To force out liquid, gas, etc. in a thin, fast stream through a narrow opening.
412
Standpoint
An opinion or a way of thinking about people, situations, ideas etc.
413
Stem from sth
To develop as a result of STH else.
414
Stem
to stop something from happening, spreading, or developing
415
Stepping stone
STH that helps you to make progress or begin to achieve STH.
416
Sth bottled-up:
To not allow other people to see that you are unhappy, angry, etc., especially when this happens over a long period of time.Feelings bottled up
417
Strengthen
Strong (adj) / Strength (noun)
418
Stress-riden
people overwhelmed by the circumstances of their lives
419
Stressed out
so worried and tired that you cannot relax
420
Stressors
a stimulus that causes stress
421
Strike fear into sb’s heart
to make sb afraid
422
Strike fear/ terror into sb
to make sb extremely frightened
423
Stringent
(law, rule standard) very strict and must be obeyed // stringent economic conditions exist when there is a severe lack of money and strict controls on the supply of money
424
Struck with horror/ terror/ awe
to suddenly feel very afraid/ shocked/ etc.
425
Succumb to
to stop opposing smn or sth that is stronger than you, and allow them to take control // if you succumb to an illness, you become very ill or die of it
426
Sulk
to be silently angry and refuse to be friendly or discuss what is annoying or upsetting you – used to show disapproval
427
Suppress:
to stop yourself from showing your feelings // to stop people from opposing the government, especially by using force
428
Surge (of sth)
a sudden increase of a strong feeling (syn: rush)
429
Swallow one’s pride:
To do STH even though it is embarrassing for you, because you have no choice.
430
Swamped
if sth swamps a person, system of place, more of it arrives than can be easily dealt with (related to stress).
431
Swamp
to suddenly give someone a lot of work, problems etc to deal with
432
Synergistically
In a way that makes use of the extra energy, power, success, etc. that is achieved by two or more people, companies or elements working together, instead of on their own.
433
Synergy:
the additional effectiveness when two or more companies or people combine and work together
434
Syrup
A thick sugary liquid
435
Taglines
phrase that comes at the end and is meant to be amusing or easy to remember at the end of a tv program or joke
436
Take (a) hold
To begin to have complete control over SB/STH; To become very strong
437
Talk sb/ sth up
To make SB/STH appear more important, interesting, successful, better etc than it really is.
438
Tame (the beast)
To make an animal, bird, etc. not afraid of people and used to living with them.// To make STH such as an emotion, an organisation, a situation, etc., less powerful or easier to control
439
Tamp
To reduce the amount, level, size, or importance of STH.
440
Temper
a tendency to become angry suddenly or easily // the way you are feeling at a particular time, especially when you are feeling angry for a short time
441
Terror-stricken
extremely frightened
442
Strain
worry that is caused by having to deal with a problem or work too hard over a long period of time
443
Think out
to think about all the parts of something carefully before deciding or planning exactly what to do
444
Threaten
Life-threatening (adj) / Threat (noun)
445
Threshold
the level at which something starts to happen or have an effect
446
Tirade
a long angry speech criticising someone or something
447
Tout:
To try to persuade people that SB/STH is important or valuable by praising them/it Be touted as sth.
448
Trait
a particular quality in someone’s character
449
Traumatise
Traumatised/ -ing/ -ic // Trauma
450
Trepidation
a feeling of anxiety or fear about something that is going to happen
451
Trigger
to make something happen very quickly, especially a series of events
452
Turn inward
To focus on and towards yourself and your interests
453
Turn it up a notch:
To increase to an extreme degree of intensity or quality.
454
Turn sour:
When a dream stops being pleasant or working properly and becomes less enjoyable or satisfactory.
455
Ubiquitous
seeming to be everywhere – sometimes used humorously
456
Under siege
To be being criticised, attacked, threatened, or put under pressure by problems, questions, etc. all the time.
457
Underlying causes
The root cause (of STH).
458
Underpin
to give strength or support to something and to help it succeed
459
Underwrite
to support an activity, business plan etc with money, and to take financial responsibility if it fails
460
Unhinged
Having a mental illness that makes SB unable to think or behave normally.
461
Unhinge
to make someone become very upset or mentally ill
462
Unwarranted
done without good reason, and therefore annoying
463
Upbeat
positive and making you feel that good things will happen
464
Utopia
An imaginary perfect world where everyone is happy.
465
Utter
complete, emphasise that something is very bad, or that a feeling is very strong
466
Vengeful
very eager to punish someone who has done something bad
467
Veritable
a word used to emphasise a description of someone or something
468
Wake from:
to stop sleeping, or to make SB stop sleeping.
469
Waking
The condition of not being asleep
470
Walking on eggshells
To be very careful about your words, actions or how you behave with SB because they are easily upset or made angry.
471
Wander (off)
To no longer pay attention to STH and move without much control to other ideas, subjects, etc, especially because you are bored or worried.
472
Wane
To become gradually less strong or less important.
473
Ward sth off
to do something to try to protect yourself from something bad, such as illness, danger, or attack
474
Warrant
an official document giving someone the right to do something, for example buy shares in a company
475
Warrant
to promise that something is true // to need or deserve (W attention, consideration)
476
Wary of
someone who is wary is careful because they think something might be dangerous or harmful
477
Watered down
Diluted and impure
478
Wear oneself to a shadow
to make oneself exhausted and anxious through too much work.
479
Wilt
to bend over because it is too dry or old)
480
Wise up to a situation
Wise / Wisdom
481
Withdrawn
Not wanting to talk to other people; extremely quiet and shy.
482
Wither
become drier and smaller and start to die // to gradually become weaker or less successful and then end
483
Withstand
to be strong enough to remain unharmed by sth // to defend yourself successfully against people who attack, criticise, or oppose you
484
Work like a Trojan horse
to work very hard.
485
Wrath
extreme anger
486
Wrongdoing
illegal or immoral behaviour
487
Yearn for sth
To have a strong desire for STH, especially STH that is difficult or impossible to get or STH for which you waited for a long time.
488
Yield
To produce a result, answer, profit, crop, or piece of information.
489
Yoke
to closely connect two ideas, people, or things
490
Yoke of sth, the
something that restricts your freedom, making life difficult
491
Zone out
To stop thinking about STH and not pay attention to anything else, for example because you are bored or tired.
