Unit 4 Flashcards
What are the three requirements for polls?
- Random
- Representative
- Large enough size
Error vs Bias
Error means the random chance that your sample is non-representative. Error is through random chance.
Bias has to do with how the poll is run.
What are some sources of Bias?
Question Bias:
Varying levels of specificity: People are more likely to agree to the specific option
Agree-Disagree poll: People are more likely to agree
Tracking Polls vs Exit Poll
Tracking Poll: follows up on a community’s opinion over time
Exit Poll: happen once, at a single point in time
Is it better to do the same poll of a smaller size multiple times or one large poll?
1500 is better than 500x3
Writ of Certiorari
A formal request for a higher court to review the decision of a lower court.
Free enterprise
A system where individuals and buisnesses operate economically with limited government intervention.
Individualism
- emphasizes a person’s moral worth.
- You also value independence and self-reliance and advocate that the interests of the individual should take precedence over the state or a social group. Individualists also oppose unwanted interference by society or the government.
Equality of Opprotunity
The second American core value is equality of opportunity, which arises out of the belief that every individual should be given the same chance to succeed.
Free enterprise
The third core value is free enterprise, the basis of American capitalism, and advocates of free enterprise believe the government should allow open markets and competition in the marketplace with limited interference.
Limited government
The federal government and state governments are told they do not have unlimited power.
What is political socialization and what factors affect it?
Voting behavior
income and occupation, education, sex and age, religious and ethnic background, region of the country where you live, and family makeup. (sociological)
party affiliation and identification, perception of candidate’s policies and/or image, and the belief that your vote will make a statement. (psychological)
? is the number-one factor in determining voter turnout.
Education
Men vs. Women Voting
Since 1988 a trend has developed for a greater percentage of women to vote for Democratic candidates than men do.
Libertarians
- Against intervention in foreign affairs.
- less government-imposed laws dealing with social issues.
- Opposed to school prayer of any kind
- Laissez-faire economics
- Sympathetic to the rights of the accused.
How is the budget created?
- Federal agencies submits proposals
- Office of Management and Budget compiles budget for president to submit
- The Congressional Budget Office (staff agency of Congress) prepares analysis to House and Senate appropriations
- Comittee revises budget and send to both chambers to vote
- President signs/vetos budget bills (12).
Types of Taxes
- Progressive (Richer = more tax)
- Regressive (poor = more tax share). Like sales tax
- Proportional (equal share)
Political Socialization
Political socialization is the process in which people develop their political values, beliefs, attitudes and ideology.
Types of polls
- Tracking Poll: Tracks opinions of a population over time.
- Exit Poll: Poll used to determine election results before officially announced by polling as voters exit.
- Opinion Poll: To get the electorate’s opinion on certain issues at a certain point in time.
- Benchmark Poll: Benchmark at beggining of candidate’s run
Tinker v. Des Moines
The Tinker’s wore arm bands protesting the vietnam wars. School said they had to remove it or get suspended.
Substatnial distruption test: School administrators can only restrict speech when it would substantially distrupt the operation of the school.
Is Obscenity allowed on school campuses?
Fuh no. try it.
