unit 4 Flashcards
What are the functions of the urinary system?
Removes waste, balances electrolytes and fluids, regulates blood pressure, and maintains pH.
What are the major organs of the urinary system?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra.
What is the function of the renal cortex?
Outer part of the kidney where filtration occurs.
What is the function of the renal medulla?
Contains renal pyramids, responsible for collecting and concentrating urine.
What is the function of the renal pelvis?
Collects urine from medulla and channels it to the ureter.
What is the function of the glomerulus?
Filters blood to form urine.
What is the function of Bowman’s capsule?
filter blood and initiate the production of urine
What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule?
Reabsorbs nutrients, water, and electrolytes into the blood.
What is the function of the Loop of Henle?
reabsorb water and sodium chloride from the filtrate
What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?
Regulates pH, sodium, and potassium levels.
What is the function of the collecting duct?
Collects urine from nephrons and final water reabsorption occurs here.
Which part of the nephron is in the renal cortex?
Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
Which part of the nephron is in the renal medulla?
Loop of Henle and collecting duct.
What is the relationship between blood and urine?
Urine is formed from filtered blood plasma minus reabsorbed substances.
What is the composition of blood vs. urine?
Blood has cells, proteins, and glucose; urine is water, salts, urea, and wastes.
What is filtration and where does it occur?
Process of removing waste from blood; occurs in the glomerulus.
What is reabsorption and where does it occur?
Recapturing needed substances into blood; occurs in tubules.
What is secretion and where does it occur?
Adding substances to filtrate; occurs in tubules.
What is CKD and its symptoms?
Chronic kidney disease; symptoms include fatigue, swelling, and urine changes.
What is polycystic kidney disease?
Genetic disorder causing fluid-filled cysts in kidneys, unlike healthy smooth kidneys.
What affects DNA movement in electrophoresis?
Fragment size and gel concentration.
What are restriction enzymes?
Proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences; names derived from bacteria source.
Why use multiple restriction enzymes in RFLP?
Increases specificity and accuracy of DNA analysis.
In gel electrophoresis, which direction does DNA move?
Towards positive pole due to DNA’s negative charge.
