Unit 4 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What was the American System of Manufacturing?
A system using interchangeable parts and unskilled labor to mass-produce goods.
What was the Market Revolution
A transformation in the U.S. economy that linked northern industries with western and southern farms through transportation and communication improvements.
What invention allowed for upstream navigation?
Robert Fulton’s steamboat.
What was the impact of the telegraph?
It revolutionized long-distance communication and helped integrate national markets.
What was the “Second Middle Passage”?
The domestic trade of enslaved people from the Upper to Lower South after 1808.
How did Northern industries depend on slavery?
They used raw cotton produced by slave labor to manufacture textiles.
What did John C. Calhoun argue in favor of slavery?
That slavery was a “positive good” essential for white freedom.
What is paternalism in the context of slavery?
A justification that claimed enslaving people was for their own protection.
How did the Haitian Revolution influence the U.S.?
It terrified slaveholders and highlighted American hypocrisy on liberty.
Who was the leading preacher of the Second Great Awakening?
Charles Finney.
What beliefs did the Second Great Awakening emphasize?
Righteous living, moral reform, and individual responsibility for salvation.
What was the significance of the Louisiana Purchase?
It doubled the size of the U.S. and aligned with Jefferson’s agrarian vision.
What was the purpose of the Lewis and Clark expedition?
To survey the Louisiana Territory and find a route to the Pacific.
What was the Embargo Act of 1807?
Jefferson’s policy banning all foreign trade, which hurt the U.S. economy.
What slave revolt occurred in 1800?
Gabriel’s Rebellion in Virginia.
What amendment resulted from the Election of 1800?
The 12th Amendment—separate ballots for president and vice president.
What power did Marbury v. Madison establish?
Judicial review.
What was the significance of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?
It upheld federal supremacy over state law regarding national banks.
What did Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) decide?
Federal law governs interstate commerce over state law.
Who was Chief Justice during these landmark decisions?
John Marshall.
What caused the War of 1812?
British impressment and support of Native resistance.
What was the result of the Hartford Convention?
It ended the Federalist Party.
What treaty ended the War of 1812?
Treaty of Ghent.
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
A policy stating the Western Hemisphere was closed to European colonization.
