Unit 5 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What motivated most pre-Civil War reform movements?
Religious convictions and a desire to counteract the social and economic changes of the Market Revolution.
Who founded Mormonism and what was its foundational text?
Joseph Smith; the Book of Mormon (1830).
What did Transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson promote in “Self-Reliance”?
Trust in one’s own instincts and rejection of authority.
What were the core beliefs of the Shakers?
Christianity, hard work, pacifism, and feminism.
What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention?
It marked the beginning of the women’s rights movement, advocating for suffrage and equality.
What did abolitionists demand regarding slavery?
Immediate emancipation and equal rights for African Americans.
What was the impact of “The Liberator”?
William Lloyd Garrison’s paper made abolitionist ideas more widespread in the North.
Who coined the term “Manifest Destiny”?
Journalist John L. O’Sullivan.
What ideology did Manifest Destiny promote?
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant supremacy and westward expansion.
What was the outcome of the Mexican War?
U.S. victory and acquisition of Texas and California via the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848).
What was the Free Soil Party’s main goal?
To prevent the expansion of slavery into western territories.
What did the Compromise of 1850 do?
Admitted California as a free state, enacted a strict Fugitive Slave Law, and allowed popular sovereignty in western territories.
What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)?
It allowed popular sovereignty and repealed the Missouri Compromise.
What political party was formed in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
The Republican Party.
What was “Bleeding Kansas”?
Violent conflict over slavery that discredited popular sovereignty.
What did the Dred Scott decision declare?
Only whites could be citizens; Congress couldn’t ban slavery in the territories.
Why did Southern states secede after Lincoln’s 1860 election?
They feared permanent minority status and the threat to slavery.
What event officially started the Civil War?
The Confederate attack on Fort Sumter (April 12, 1861).
What did the Emancipation Proclamation (1863) do?
Freed slaves in Confederate territories.
What shift occurred in Union war aims during the Civil War?
From preserving the Union to also abolishing slavery.
What was Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan?
Southern states could rejoin the Union once 10% of voters swore loyalty and accepted emancipation.
How did Andrew Johnson handle Reconstruction?
He pardoned many ex-Confederates and opposed efforts to protect black rights.
What were Black Codes?
Laws that restricted the rights of freed African Americans in the South.
What did the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments accomplish?
13th: abolished slavery; 14th: equal protection/citizenship; 15th: black male suffrage.
