Unit 4

Question 1

Romulus and Remus

Answer 1

Traditional story of how Rome began. Twins abandoned and rescued by a wolf, raised by a shepherd . Grew to build Rome. Romulus later killed Remus

Question 2

Toga

Answer 2

a traditional Roman garment that was never adopted by their conquered periphery

Question 3

Patricians

Answer 3

The wealthy, hereditary aristocrats during the Roman era.

Question 4

Plebeians

Answer 4

All non-land-owning, free men in Ancient Rome

Question 5

Military (during the Roman Republic)

Answer 5

-powerful and disciplined

Question 6

-organized into legions

Question 7

-military service was a duty

Question 8

-veterans were rewarded

Question 9

Triumph

Answer 9

A massive celebration of a victory in battle

Question 10

Tarquin the proud

Answer 10

7th Etruscan king, last king of Rome, a harsh tyrant driven from power in 509 B.C.

Question 11

Consuls

Answer 11

Two officials from the patrician class were appointed each year of the Roman Republic to supervise the government and command the armies (acting as co-rulers)

Question 12

First triumvirate

Answer 12

60 BCE, unofficial coalition between Julius Caesar-rising star who conquered Gaul, Pompey-a former consul and general, and Crassus-the richest man in Rome

Question 13

Julius Caesar

Answer 13

After Crassus’s death, both vied for power, leading to a civil war that was won by Caesar. Caesar declares himself “Dictator for life”. He initiates many popular reforms:

Question 14

-distributing land to the poor

Question 15

-calender

Question 16

-granted citizenships to Roman provinces

Question 18

All this was before his assassination by patricians.

Question 19

Second Triumvirate

Answer 19

Mark Antony killed Caesars’ assassinators with Octavian, and they allied with Lepidus. Octavian defeated Mark Antony and won the title of “Augustus”

Question 20

Augustus

Answer 20

Augustus was the first ever emperor, and he consolidated power. He unified policy, public building campaigns. He was proclaimed to be a god.

Question 21

Pax Romana

Answer 21

A 200 yr long peace period during which several inventions were made.

Question 22

Libelli

Answer 22

A written Certificate needed to prove that Roman citizens are sacrificing to Roman gods, which is problematic for Christians because it goes against their beliefs

Question 23

How did Romans feel about Christianity?

Answer 23

They felt threatened and afraid

Question 24

3rd century crisis

Answer 24

Severus Alexander was assassinated, leading to a period of instability and infighting. There were 26 claimants to the throne in 50 years.

Question 25

Diocletian

Answer 25

Roman emperor who divided the empire into a West and an East section. He came up with the tetrarchy (rule of 4) and although the division was originally administrative, it led to a more permanent split.

Question 26

Constantine

Answer 26

-became the first Christian emperor and Rome's sole leader

Question 27

-established capital of Byzantium (renamed Constantinople)

Question 28

Edict of Milan

Answer 28

Made Christianity legal

Question 29

Theodosius

Answer 29

Theodosius took power after Valens' passing and was a devout Christian. He used government power to eradicate paganism. after his death, the empire's split grew more permanent.

Question 30

Germanic tribes

Answer 30

Huns began moving across Eurasia, forcing the Germanic tribes out of their land. This led to invasions:

Question 31

-Visigoths sacking Rome, and settling in Spain

Question 32

-Vandals sacking Rome

Question 33

Odoacer

Answer 33

Germanic barbarian leader who ended the western Roman Empire

Question 34

Virgil

Answer 34

the greatest Roman poet, wrote The Aeneid - an epic poem telling the story of Aeneas, a soldier in the Trojan War who travels to Italy and becomes the ancestor of the Romans

Question 35

Livy

Answer 35

the greatest Roman historian, wrote The Early History of Rome as a comprehensive account of Roman history through the end of the Republic

Question 36

Marcus Aurelius

Answer 36

Roman emperor during the Pax Romana whose Meditations is an important text in the philosophy of Stoicism

Question 37

The Pantheon

Answer 37

Roman temple built during the Pax Romana featuring a massive dome made of concrete with an oculus or opening in the center.

Question 38

aqueducts

Answer 38

aqueducts carried water for miles from natural springs or reservoirs into and through Roman cities

Question 39

Pliny the elder

Answer 39

compiled the works of Greek thinkers into encyclopedic volumes

Question 40

Galen of Pergamum

Answer 40

expanded our knowledge of human anatomy and developed the "theory of humors"

Question 41

Hypatia

Answer 41

female mathematician in Alexandria who made contributions in both philosophy and astronomy