Unit 4 Flashcards

(32 cards)

1
Q

Romulus and Remus

A

Traditional story of how Rome began. Twins abandoned and rescued by a wolf, raised by a shepherd . Grew to build Rome. Romulus later killed Remus

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2
Q

Toga

A

a traditional Roman garment that was never adopted by their conquered periphery

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3
Q

Patricians

A

The wealthy, hereditary aristocrats during the Roman era.

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4
Q

Plebeians

A

All non-land-owning, free men in Ancient Rome

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5
Q

Military (during the Roman Republic)

A

-powerful and disciplined
-organized into legions
-veterans were rewarded

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6
Q

Triumph

A

A massive celebration of a victory in battle

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7
Q

Tarquin the proud

A

7th Etruscan king, last king of Rome, a harsh tyrant driven from power in 509 B.C.

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8
Q

Consuls

A

Two officials from the patrician class were appointed each year of the Roman Republic to supervise the government and command the armies (acting as co-rulers)

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9
Q

First triumvirate

A

60 BCE, unofficial coalition between Julius Caesar-rising star who conquered Gaul, Pompey-a former consul and general, and Crassus-the richest man in Rome

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10
Q

Julius Caesar

A

After Crassus’s death, both vied for power, leading to a civil war that was won by Caesar. Caesar declares himself “Dictator for life”. He initiates many popular reforms:
-distributing land to the poor
-calender
-granted citizenships to Roman provinces
All this was before his assassination by patricians.

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11
Q

Second Triumvirate

A

Mark Antony killed Caesars’ assassinators with Octavian, and they allied with Lepidus. Octavian defeated Mark Antony and won the title of “Augustus”

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12
Q

Augustus

A

Augustus was the first ever emperor, and he consolidated power. He unified policy, public building campaigns. He was proclaimed to be a god.

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13
Q

Pax Romana

A

A 200 yr long peace period during which several inventions were made.

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14
Q

Libelli

A

A written Certificate needed to prove that Roman citizens are sacrificing to Roman gods, which is problematic for Christians because it goes against their beliefs

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15
Q

How did Romans feel about Christianity?

A

They felt threatened and afraid

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16
Q

3rd century crisis

A

Severus Alexander was assassinated, leading to a period of instability and infighting. There were 26 claimants to the throne in 50 years.

17
Q

Diocletian

A

Roman emperor who divided the empire into a West and an East section. He came up with the tetrarchy (rule of 4) and although the division was originally administrative, it led to a more permanent split.

18
Q

Constantine

A

-became the first Christian emperor and Rome’s sole leader
-established capital of Byzantium (renamed Constantinople)

19
Q

Edict of Milan

A

Made Christianity legal

20
Q

Theodosius

A

Theodosius took power after Valens’ passing and was a devout Christian. He used government power to eradicate paganism. after his death, the empire’s split grew more permanent.

21
Q

Germanic tribes

A

Huns began moving across Eurasia, forcing the Germanic tribes out of their land. This led to invasions:

22
Q

-Visigoths sacking Rome, and settling in Spain

23
Q

-Vandals sacking Rome

24
Q

Odoacer

A

Germanic barbarian leader who ended the western Roman Empire

25
Virgil
the greatest Roman poet, wrote The Aeneid - an epic poem telling the story of Aeneas, a soldier in the Trojan War who travels to Italy and becomes the ancestor of the Romans
26
Livy
the greatest Roman historian, wrote The Early History of Rome as a comprehensive account of Roman history through the end of the Republic
27
Marcus Aurelius
Roman emperor during the Pax Romana whose Meditations is an important text in the philosophy of Stoicism
28
The Pantheon
Roman temple built during the Pax Romana featuring a massive dome made of concrete with an oculus or opening in the center.
29
aqueducts
aqueducts carried water for miles from natural springs or reservoirs into and through Roman cities
30
Pliny the elder
compiled the works of Greek thinkers into encyclopedic volumes
31
Galen of Pergamum
expanded our knowledge of human anatomy and developed the "theory of humors"
32
Hypatia
female mathematician in Alexandria who made contributions in both philosophy and astronomy