Unit 4

Question 1

Romulus and Remus

Answer 1

Traditional story of how Rome began. Twins abandoned and rescued by a wolf, raised by a shepherd . Grew to build Rome. Romulus later killed Remus

Question 2

Toga

Answer 2

a traditional Roman garment that was never adopted by their conquered periphery

Question 3

Patricians

Answer 3

The wealthy, hereditary aristocrats during the Roman era.

Question 4

Plebeians

Answer 4

All non-land-owning, free men in Ancient Rome

Question 5

Military (during the Roman Republic)

Answer 5

-powerful and disciplined
-organized into legions
-veterans were rewarded

Question 6

Triumph

Answer 6

A massive celebration of a victory in battle

Question 7

Tarquin the proud

Answer 7

7th Etruscan king, last king of Rome, a harsh tyrant driven from power in 509 B.C.

Question 8

Consuls

Answer 8

Two officials from the patrician class were appointed each year of the Roman Republic to supervise the government and command the armies (acting as co-rulers)

Question 9

First triumvirate

Answer 9

60 BCE, unofficial coalition between Julius Caesar-rising star who conquered Gaul, Pompey-a former consul and general, and Crassus-the richest man in Rome

Question 10

Julius Caesar

Answer 10

After Crassus’s death, both vied for power, leading to a civil war that was won by Caesar. Caesar declares himself “Dictator for life”. He initiates many popular reforms:
-distributing land to the poor
-calender
-granted citizenships to Roman provinces
All this was before his assassination by patricians.

Question 11

Second Triumvirate

Answer 11

Mark Antony killed Caesars’ assassinators with Octavian, and they allied with Lepidus. Octavian defeated Mark Antony and won the title of “Augustus”

Question 12

Augustus

Answer 12

Augustus was the first ever emperor, and he consolidated power. He unified policy, public building campaigns. He was proclaimed to be a god.

Question 13

Pax Romana

Answer 13

A 200 yr long peace period during which several inventions were made.

Question 14

Libelli

Answer 14

A written Certificate needed to prove that Roman citizens are sacrificing to Roman gods, which is problematic for Christians because it goes against their beliefs

Question 15

How did Romans feel about Christianity?

Answer 15

They felt threatened and afraid

Question 16

3rd century crisis

Answer 16

Severus Alexander was assassinated, leading to a period of instability and infighting. There were 26 claimants to the throne in 50 years.

Question 17

Diocletian

Answer 17

Roman emperor who divided the empire into a West and an East section. He came up with the tetrarchy (rule of 4) and although the division was originally administrative, it led to a more permanent split.

Question 18

Constantine

Answer 18

-became the first Christian emperor and Rome’s sole leader
-established capital of Byzantium (renamed Constantinople)

Question 19

Edict of Milan

Answer 19

Made Christianity legal

Question 20

Theodosius

Answer 20

Theodosius took power after Valens’ passing and was a devout Christian. He used government power to eradicate paganism. after his death, the empire’s split grew more permanent.

Question 21

Germanic tribes

Answer 21

Huns began moving across Eurasia, forcing the Germanic tribes out of their land. This led to invasions:

Question 22

-Visigoths sacking Rome, and settling in Spain

Question 23

-Vandals sacking Rome

Question 24

Odoacer

Answer 24

Germanic barbarian leader who ended the western Roman Empire

Question 25

Virgil

Answer 25

the greatest Roman poet, wrote The Aeneid - an epic poem telling the story of Aeneas, a soldier in the Trojan War who travels to Italy and becomes the ancestor of the Romans

Question 26

Livy

Answer 26

the greatest Roman historian, wrote The Early History of Rome as a comprehensive account of Roman history through the end of the Republic

Question 27

Marcus Aurelius

Answer 27

Roman emperor during the Pax Romana whose Meditations is an important text in the philosophy of Stoicism

Question 28

The Pantheon

Answer 28

Roman temple built during the Pax Romana featuring a massive dome made of concrete with an oculus or opening in the center.

Question 29

aqueducts

Answer 29

aqueducts carried water for miles from natural springs or reservoirs into and through Roman cities

Question 30

Pliny the elder

Answer 30

compiled the works of Greek thinkers into encyclopedic volumes

Question 31

Galen of Pergamum

Answer 31

expanded our knowledge of human anatomy and developed the "theory of humors"

Question 32

Hypatia

Answer 32

female mathematician in Alexandria who made contributions in both philosophy and astronomy