Unit 4 Flashcards
(44 cards)
How are countries classified?
All countries in the world can be classified as low, middle, or high income based on their Gross National Income (GNI) per capita which relates to average income
What does Gross National Income mean?
It is the total value of goods and services a country’s citizens produce, including the value of income earned by citizens who may be working in an overseas country.
What does ‘per capita’ mean?
It basically means divided by population - so the ‘average’
Define economic characteristics
Range of factors relating to the financial or economic state of a country
Define social characteristics
The rate of social factors in which people grow, live and work
Define environmental characteristics
Range of factors relating to the physical environment
Examples of economic characteristics
Industries, income, global trade opportunities, poverty, welfare support
Examples of environmental characteristics
Infrastructure, access to clean water and sanitation, food security, adequate housing, co2 emissions, agriculture productivity
Examples of social characteristics
Gender equality, birth rates, employment, education, healthcare system, social security systems, legal and political systems, access to technology
Explain level of poverty and frame it for HI vs LI countries
High levels of poverty in low income countries can result in limited ability to afford medication (e.g antibiotics to treat infection) therefore increasing morbidity rates
Explain Industries and frame it for HI vs LI countries
High IC have wide range of industries (e.g health, research, mining) t/f provide opportunities for improvements in medical technology
Low IC countries have limited range meaning can’t participate as much in global trade t/f can’t generate $$
Explain global trade opportunities and frame it for HI vs LI countries
High IC countries = strong trade relationships and export industries so can create revenue for healthcare
Low IC countries often export raw materials with little profit > restricted funds for development
Explain housing (e.g quality) and frame it for HI vs LI countries
Quality housing means ventilation, electricity and no overcrowding and many low IC countries have this t/f increased risk of respiratory problems and infectious diseases
Explain infrastructure and frame it for HI vs LI countries
Having well funded infrastructure (e.g schools and hospitals) allows for timely treatment. Low IC generally have limited, old or hard to access roads, schools and hospitals
Explain access to safe water and frame it for HI vs LI countries
High IC = reliable water systems that provide clean, treated water
Low IC = may rely on untreated water from unsafe sources like rivers
increased risk of water-borne diseases (e.g cholera), child mortality and diarohheal
Explain Adequate sanitation (e.g flushing toilet, hand-washing facilities) and frame it for HI vs LI countries
High IC = public places having toilets and hand-washing facilities
Low IC = may lack proper toilets or facilities = infectious diseases
Explain food security and frame it for HI vs LI countries
High IC = stable food supply ensure access to variety of nutritious foods
Low IC = food supply may be low, not affordable or lack nutrients
Leads to mal/undernutrition > decreased immune system and more comm diseases
Explain education and frame it for HI vs LI countries
High IC = free or affordable education for young adults and children
Low IC = barriers exist like cost, distance, work and beliefs
Low education reduces knowledge of health risks
Explain healthcare systems and frame it for HI vs LI countries
High IC = well-equipped, accessible, funded, trained staff, modern facilities
Low IC = underfunded, understaffed, limited
Explain social security systems and frame it for HI vs LI countries
High IC = offers support for unemployed, illness, disability, old age
Low IC = no access to financial support from govt
> may be difficult to afford adequate foods
Explain access to technology and frame it for HI vs LI countries
High IC = access to surgical equipment and technologies
Low IC = no warning systems for natural disasters
Explain HIV/AIDS
Communicable disease
Passed on through bodily fluids, weakens the immune system
More susceptible to communicable diseases
Explain diarrhoael dieases
Communicable
Passed on through unsafe water and sanitation
Results in dehydration
>Body shuts down
Explain Malaria
Communicable
Caused by parasites and transmitted by mosquitos
Destroys RBCs causing fever, headache, vomitting
If untreated, can lead to death
