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A.P Gov > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

0
Q

Number of members on senate

A

100

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1
Q

Number of members on house

A

435

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2
Q

Length of Terms in house of reps

A

Two-year terms (whole house elected every two years)

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3
Q

Length of terms in senate

A

Six-year terms (one third every two years)

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4
Q

Former qualifications for House of Representatives

A

25 years old, seven-year citizenship, live in District that they’re running for.

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5
Q

Formal qualifications for Senate

A

30 years old, nine years citizen, live in the state they’re running for

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6
Q

Informal qualifications for house

A

College-educated (law or business)

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7
Q

Informal qualifications for Senate

A

College educated (Law or business)

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8
Q

House of Representatives constituents

A

Grouped by district less people

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9
Q

Senate constituents

A

Grouped by state more people

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10
Q

House of Representatives prestige

A

Less prestige then the Senate

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11
Q

Senate prestige

A

More prestige than the house

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12
Q

House of Representatives debate

A

Has a set time limit that has been predetermined

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13
Q

length of debate in senate

A

Cannot be a limited (can use filibuster)

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14
Q

Policymaking in House of Representatives

A

budget

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15
Q

Policymaking in senate

A

Foreign affairs

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16
Q

Term limits in Congress

A

Ruled that Congress nor the states can impose term limits without a constitutional amendment, no term limits in federal congress. (State terms can be limited)

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17
Q

advocates of term limits

A

Argue that it eliminates career politicians that may argue too much with constituents, brings new ideas to legislature, and is more responsive to the will of the people.

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18
Q

Opponents of term limits

A

Think it is undemocratic because it limits choices to the voters, reduces effectiveness by losing experienced lawmakers

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19
Q

Organization of Congress

A

Two houses (bicameral)
Two-year terms start January 3 of odd number years split into two one year sessions.
President can call special session in time of emergency
Each house chooses the leadership and makes rules

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20
Q

Incumbency effects

A

Incumbents when 90% of the time in the house and 80% of time in the senate

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21
Q

Advantages of being an incumbent

A

Name recognition, credit claiming (breaking), more visible, media exposure, fundraising ability, experience, franking privilege, voting record

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22
Q

Pork barrel legislation

A

Projects attached to bills that are federally funded local projects

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23
Q

Casework for constituents

A

Help constituents solve problems dealing with government bureaucracy

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24
Q

Franking privilege

A

Members of Congress can send mailings to constituents postage free

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25
Q

Apportionment

A

Allocation of seats in the house based on population (Every 10 years census)

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26
Q

Reapportionment

A

Reallocation of seats in the house

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27
Q

Congressional Districting

A

State legislation redrawing congressional district lines (can be done at any time)

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28
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Draw district lines to favor one political party or group over another

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29
Q

Wesberry versus sanders

A

Said that congressional districts have to have generally the same population

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30
Q

Gerrymandering three rules

A

Has to be compact, continuous, generally equal population

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31
Q

Getting elected to the Senate’s

A

Members originally chosen by state legislature

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32
Q

17th amendment

A

Allows for direct election of Senators by members of the state

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33
Q

Committee chairperson

A

Majority party member, chosen by party caucus

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34
Q

Duties of committee chairperson

A

Set agenda, assign subcommittee members, decide if hearings will be held and if witnesses are needed, manage floor for debate

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35
Q

Seniority system

A

Chairperson is a member of majority party and generally has the longest tenure on that committee

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36
Q

Committee membership

A

Based on party loyalty, percent of committee membership based on overall percentage of Democratic and Republican in each house

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37
Q

Standing committee

A

Permanent committees that deal with specific policy matters

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38
Q

Select committee

A

Temporary committee appointed for a specific purpose (usually surrounds specific issue like Senate Watergate committee)

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39
Q

Joint committee

A

Made up of members from both houses

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40
Q

Conference committee

A

Temporary committee of both houses to resolve bills passed in the house and senate

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41
Q

Caucuses

A

Meeting of party members who share a common purpose (ex: congressional Black Caucus, woman caucus, democratic/Republican caucus

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42
Q

Privileges for members of Congress

A

Allowances to run offices in home state/district
travel allowances
franking privilege
immunity from arrest while conducting congressional business
immunity from libel and slander suit while debating in Congress

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43
Q

Legislative powers

A

Power to make laws

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44
Q

Expressed legislative powers

A

Most powers found in article 1 section 8

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45
Q

Legislative implied powers

A

Necessary and proper clause, allow Congress to extend powers necessary to carry out expressed powers

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46
Q

Denied powers

A

Article 1 section 4/10 amendment restricts powers

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47
Q

NonLegislative powers

A

Electoral powers, amendment powers, impeachment, executive powers of the senate, legislative oversight

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48
Q

Electoral powers

A

House selects president Senate Elects vice president

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49
Q

Amendment powers

A

Can propose amendments by 2/3 votes in congress

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50
Q

Impeachment

A

House brings charges against federal official

Senate tries to find if they should be removed

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51
Q

Executive powers of senate

A

Senate must approve presidential appointments by majority vote and for treaties they need 2/3 vote

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52
Q

Legislative oversight

A

Review policies/ programs of executive branch

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53
Q

Bills

A

A proposed law that may begin in either house (except revenue bill must start in house of reps)

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54
Q

House of rep law process

A

Introduced by member of house
Assigned committee
Bill assigned to sub committee
Bill returned to committee for acceptation or rejection
Set rules for debate (time limited)
Vote taken on if bill passes and goes to senate

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55
Q

Senate law process

A 
Introduced by senate member
Assigned committee 
Assigned sub committee chair discretion
Returned to committee for approval / rejection
No rules 
Unlimited debate 
Vote taken If passes goes to house
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56
Q

Conference committee

A

Formed with members of house and senate, irons out differences in bill. Cannot add anything new
Returned again to house/ senate

57
Q

Presidential action on laws

A

Sign the bill to make it law
Veto
Bill becomes law without signing
Pocket veto

58
Q

Pocket veto

A

Legislation goes to president with less than 10 days left in congress is vetoed after congress is over and ends possibility of congress override

59
Q

Override

A

Overtake presidents veto by 2/3 vote in both houses

60
Q

Caucus

A

Subgroups in Congress might form voting blocks

61
Q

Committee system

A

Chairperson can prevent bills from being reported out of committee

62
Q

Filibuster and cloture

A

Unlimited debate in the senate to stall voting on a bill, cloture: way for the senate to break filibuster by 60 senators voting to end

63
Q

Pork barrel legislation

A

Providing federal funds to fund a local project

64
Q

Logrolling

A

“I’ll support your bill if you support mine “

65
Q

Riders

A

Additions to legislation that have nothing to do with the topic of the bill typically don’t pass on their own merit bills with lots of riders are known as “Christmas tree bills”

66
Q

Amendments

A

Additions or changes to legislation that deal specifically with the legislation

67
Q

Lobbying

A

Trying to influence legislators to support a reject legislation

68
Q

Roles of congress; policymaker

A

Made public policy through passing legislation

69
Q

Roles of congress; representative

A

Represent constituents voice in Congress use delegate or Trustee model

70
Q

Delegate model

A

Look at constituents for guidance on how they should go on issues ignore personal opinion

71
Q

Trustee model

A

After listening to constituents they vote based on the best course of action in the long term for the nation (personal opinion)

72
Q

Roles of congress; constituent servant

A

Help constituents with problems

73
Q

Roles of Congress; committee member

A

Serve on committees typically were they have some level of expertise

74
Q

Roles of Congress; politician/party member

A

Work to support platform and get reelected

75
Q

Constituents influence on Congress

A

Have to listen to voters of hoping to get reelected

76
Q

Party influence

A

Want to be viewed as loyal party member vote along party lines

77
Q

President

A

Lobbies members to support or reject legislation

78
Q

Lobbyist and interest groups

A

Provide members with info to support their cause

79
Q

Formal qualifications for president

A

35 years old
natural born citizen of the US
resident in the US for 14 years

80
Q

InFormal qualifications for president

A

Political or military experience married white male protestant

81
Q

22nd amendment

A

Restricted president to only serve two terms (the max a president can serve as 10 years)

82
Q

Presidential succession

A

Constitution doesn’t describe the order of secession however after Harrison died the VP took over for president

83
Q

25th amendment

A

Upon JFK death amendment was ratified to explain rules. if president dies, resigns, or is impeached the VP takes over with majority approval

84
Q

Presidential disability

A

If the president cannot perform duties VP becomes “acting president”

85
Q

President disability determination

A
  • Pres. informs Congress of inability to perform duty

- VP/majority of cabinet and form Congress in writing if president is disabled

86
Q

Impeachment

A
  • Constitution gives house power to impeach
  • Senate conduct Trial to determine outcome of the charges levied by the house Chief Justice of Supreme Court presides over senate during trial
87
Q

Vice presidential duties

A

Preside over senate and Cast tie-breaking vote when necessary
Determine presidential disability under the 25th amendment

88
Q

Vice Pres. nomination

A

President chooses nominee at national convention usually from a different faction of the party and a different geographic region

89
Q

Presidential executive powers

A

Enforce and execute laws, treaties, and court decisions
Issue executive order to carry out policy
Appoint or remove officials
Preside over cabinet and executive branch

90
Q

Presidential legislative powers

A

Give State of the Union address to both houses of Congress advise problems or recommend solution
issue annual budget to be approved by Congress vetoes or signs bill
influence to get legislation passed
Call special session

91
Q

Presidential diplomatic powers

A 
Appoints ambassadors and other officials
Negotiates treaties and executive agreements 
Meets with foreign leaders
receives foreign dignitaries
 recognizes foreign government
92
Q

Presidential Military powers

A

Commander in chief of the Armed Forces

final decision on national and foreign defense issues provides domestic order

93
Q

Presidential judicial powers

A

Appoints federal judges

Grants, reprieves, pardons, amnesty

94
Q

Presidential party powers

A 
Leader of party
Choose vp
Strengthen party by getting people elected 
Appoints party members to gov positions 
Influences policies of party
95
Q

Congressional checks on president

A 
Override 
Power of the purse 
Impeachment 
Approval of president appointments 
Legislation limiting presidents power
96
Q

Power of the purse

A

Congress approves and appropriates money for executive agencies

97
Q

Legislation limiting presidents power

A

War powers act limits presidential power of the military

98
Q

Judicial checks on president

A

Judicial review of executive action

99
Q

Political checks on president

A

Public opinion
Media attention
Popularity - president approval rating

100
Q

The bureaucracy

A

Systematic way or organizing complex, large organizations that Handle and carry out day to day tasks of government

101
Q

Principles for bureaucracy

A

Hierarchical authority job specialization formal rules

102
Q

Hierarchical authority

A

Pyramid with authority on top

103
Q

Job specialization

A

Each worker has defined duties and responsibilities

104
Q

Formal rules

A

Establish regulations and procedures that must be follow

105
Q

Beginning of bureaucracy

A

Standards for office have basic qualifications, political acceptability

106
Q

Spoil system of bureaucracy

A

Practice of giving the offices and political favors to supporters and friends

107
Q

Reform of bureaucracy

A

Competitive exams propose to be given bureaucratic job, failed to give funding

108
Q

Pendleton act

A

Civil service act 1883 passed to replace spoil system with merit based system for the hiring and promotion of the members

109
Q

Hatch act of 1939

A

Prohibits government employees from engaging in political activities while on duty running for office seeking political funding off duty. or if in sensitive positions may not be involved off duty.

110
Q

Civil service reform act of 1978

A

Office of personnel management to recruit train establish classes and salary for employees

111
Q

Cabinet departments

A

15 executive departments, advise president, operate specific policy area, headed up a secretary, not as influential as the past

112
Q

Independent executive agencies

A

Similar to departments but no cabinet status (Ex:nasa, small business administration)

113
Q

Independent regulatory agencies

A

Independent from executive created to regulate (securities and exchange commission, Federal Reserve board)

114
Q

Government corporations

A

Created by Congress to carry out business like transactions charged for their service (EX:Amtrak, UsPS)

115
Q

Executive office of the president (EOP)

A

Established in 1939 by Congress became president closest advisers every president reorganized EOP

116
Q

White House staff

A

Personal and political staff members responsible for day to day operations of executive branch includes Chief of Staff and Press Secretary

117
Q

National Security Council

A

National security act of 1947 advises president about domestic/foreign national security issues

118
Q

Office of management and budget (OMB)

A

Agency that is in charge of helping president prepare annual budget

119
Q

Budget creation process

A

Agencies and departments submit funding request to the OMB .the OMB creates budget with presidents direction; submitted for Congress approval

120
Q

Office of faith-based community initiatives

A

Created by George W. Bushto encourage and expand private efforts to deal with social problems facing society

121
Q

Office of national drug control policy

A

Agency that organizes the effort to combat the national drug problem

122
Q

Office of policy development

A

Advises the president on domestic policy issues

123
Q

Council of economic advisors

A

Advises the president on economic issues

124
Q

Office of US trade Rep.

A

Advise as president about foreign trade and trade agreements

125
Q

Office of administration

A

Provides personal support to the president

126
Q

Council of environmental quality

A

Coordinates federal environmental efforts

127
Q

Iron triangles

A

Alliances between bureaucratic agencies interest groups and congressional committees/subcommittees

128
Q

Issue networks

A

Individuals in Washington from interest groups, congressional staff, think tanks, universities, media that advocate public policy

129
Q

Appellate jurisdiction

A

Can review cases already heard by lower courts

also can review/Enforce orders of federal regulatory agencies

130
Q

US Court of Appeals

A

Created by Congress, 13 districts, panel of three judges hear cases

131
Q

Rule of four

A

Four of nine justices must agree to hear a case

132
Q

Petition for writ of certiorari

A

Party from a case heard in a lower court requesting Supreme Court to review case

133
Q

Writ of certiorari

A

Document that calls the case up from lower court

134
Q

Brief

A

Details, facts of the case, arguments being made, and relevant decisions from other cases

135
Q

Amicus curiae briefs

A

Interested parties file briefs to try to influence Supreme Court

136
Q

Majority opinion

A

Majority of the justices agree to the decision and reasoning

137
Q

Dissenting opinion

A

Justices who disagree with majority

138
Q

Concurring opinion

A

Justices who agree with majority decision but do not agree with reasoning

139
Q

Precedent

A

Similar cases have been decided, create guides for current decisions. lower courts are expected to follow the decisions of higher courts

140
Q

Per curium

A

Decision without explanation to dissolve immediate case, no value as president because no reasoning to guide lower courts

A.P Gov (8 decks)

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