Unit 4

Question 1

Thermodynamics

Answer 1

Study of Energy and How it Changes

Question 2

Potential

Answer 2

Energy possessed by an object

Gravitational
Electrical
Chemical

Question 3

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 3

Energy must be conserved

Question 4

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 4

Entropy of Universe is increasing

Question 5

3rd Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 5

Anytime heat is added, entropy increases

Question 6

Exothermic

Answer 6

System gives off heat

Bonds are formed

Question 7

Endothermic

Answer 7

System takes in heat

Bonds are broken

Question 8

Qrxn =

Answer 8

• Qsurr

Question 9

Factors that Affect Rate

Answer 9

States of Reactants (rate goes up with surface area)
Reactant Concentration
Reaction Temperature
Introduction of Catalyst

Question 10

Average Rate =

Answer 10

Δ[A] / Δt

Question 11

Instantaneous Rate

Answer 11

Must have graph of Concentration vs. Time

Draw tangent line to fit point, make triangle to find Δ[A} and ΔT

Question 12

Differential Rate Law

Answer 12

Rate vs. Concentration

Question 13

Integrated Rate Law

Answer 13

Concentration vs. Time

Question 14

[A] vs. Time yields Straight

Answer 14

Zeroth Order

Question 15

ln[A] vs. Time yields Straight

Answer 15

First Order

Question 16

1 / [A] yields Straight

Answer 16

Second Order

Question 17

Zeroth Order Reaction Rate Law

Answer 17

[A] = -kt + [A]i

Question 18

First Order Reaction Rate Law

Answer 18

ln( [A]i / [A] ) = kt

Question 19

Second Order Reaction Rate Law

Answer 19

1/ [A] = kt + 1/ [A]i

Question 20

Zeroth Order Half Life

Answer 20

t half = [A]i / 2k

Question 21

First Order Half Life

Answer 21

t half = .693/ k

Question 22

Second Order Half Life

Answer 22

t half = 1/ k[A]i

Question 23

Collison Model

Answer 23

States chemical reactions occur when molecules collide with each other
Rate Collison raises expoentially with temperature
Molecules must have proper orientation
Molecules must be going fast enough, known as activation energy

Question 24

Molecularity

Answer 24

Describes # of particles that must collide at once for reaction to occur

Question 25

Entropy

Answer 25

Measure of disorder/randomness

Question 26

ΔS univ =

Answer 26

ΔS sys + ΔS surr

if ΔS Univ is positive, it is spontaenous

Question 27

ΔS surr =

Answer 27

-ΔH / T

Question 28

ΔG =

Answer 28

ΔH - TΔS