Unit 4 & 5

Question 1

Fossil Fuels

Answer 1

a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms

Question 2

Nonrenewable Resource

Answer 2

a natural substance that is not replenished with the speed at which it is consumed.

Question 3

Hydropower

Answer 3

the use of falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or to power machines.

Question 4

Solar power

Answer 4

power obtained by harnessing the energy of the sun’s rays.

Question 5

Wind energy

Answer 5

the use of wind turbines to generate electricity.

Question 6

Renewable energy

Answer 6

energy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power.

Question 7

Water Pollution

Answer 7

contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities

Question 8

Wastewater

Answer 8

water that has been used in the home, in a business, or as part of an industrial process.

Question 9

Artificial eutrophication

Answer 9

occurs when human activity introduces increased amounts of these nutrients.

Question 10

Point-source pollution

Answer 10

pollution is a single identifiable source of pollution

Question 11

Nonpoint-source pollution

Answer 11

diffuse contamination of water or air that does not originate from a single discrete source.

Question 12

Hazardous Waste

Answer 12

waste that has substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment.

Question 13

Biodegradable

Answer 13

capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms.

Question 14

Leachate

Answer 14

any contaminated liquid that is generated from water percolating through a solid waste disposal site, accumulating contaminants, and moving into subsurface areas.

Question 15

Smog

Answer 15

fog or haze combined with smoke and other atmospheric pollutants.

Question 16

Acid Precipitation

Answer 16

precipitation (such as rain or snow) having increased acidity caused by environmental factors like air pollution

Question 17

biomagnification

Answer 17

the concentration of toxins in an organism as a result of its ingesting other plants or animals in which the toxins are more widely disbursed.

Question 18

Incinerator

Answer 18

an apparatus used to make energy by burning waste material, especially industrial waste, at high temperatures until it is reduced to ash.

Question 19

Thermal Pollution

Answer 19

the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature.

Question 20

What is the main use of fossil fuels?

Answer 20

to produce energy

Question 21

What are the three types of fossil fuels?

Answer 21

coal, oil, or natural gas

Question 22

What are the advantages of using fossil fuels?

Answer 22

Fossil fuels can generate a large amount of electricity at a single location.
They can be found very easily.
They are cost-effective.

Question 23

What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels?

Answer 23

The burning of coal and petroleum produces a lot of pollutants, causing air pollution.

Question 24

How are fossil fuels like coal formed

Answer 24

After a long time, the heat and pressure changed the plants into coal

Question 25

What is the US main source of electricity

Answer 25

natural gas

Question 26

How is electricity formed?

Answer 26

In a turbine generator, a moving fluid—water, steam, combustion gases, or air—pushes a series of blades mounted on a rotor shaft. The force of the fluid on the blades spins/rotates the rotor shaft of a generator. The generator, in turn, converts the mechanical (kinetic) energy of the rotor to electrical energy.

Question 27

What are the advantages of hydroelectric energy?

Answer 27

flood control, irrigation support, and clean drinking water.

Question 28

What are the disadvantages of hydroelectric energy?

Answer 28

Environmental Damage
High Upfront Capital Costs
May Lead to Droughts

Question 29

What are the advantages of wind energy?

Answer 29

Wind power is cost-effective
Wind creates jobs
It’s a clean fuel source

Question 30

What are the disadvantages of wind energy

Answer 30

unpredictability
it is a threat to wildlife
there are limited locations suitable for wind turbines