Unit 4

Question 1

objective and equally open to all sides of a dispute, argument, or confrontation

Answer 1

Impartial

Question 2

the freedoms defined in section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as the basic human right to life, liberty, and personal security

Answer 2

Fundamental Freedoms

Question 3

the most good for the greatest number, while treating all involved as the greater or collective good

Answer 3

Common Good

Question 4

the fundamental legal principle that all are equal under the law and that no one, regardless of power and influence, is above the law of the land

Answer 4

Rule of Law

Question 5

the branch of Canadian law that deals with serious and harmful conduct seen as a threat to society, examples seen as criminal offences include murder, theft, and assault

Answer 5

Criminal Law

Question 6

the legal document that outlines all actions considered crimes across Canada and prescribes minimum and maximum punishments for each offence.

Answer 6

Criminal Code of Canada

Question 7

also known as private law, the branch of Canadian law that is used to settle disputes between individuals and groups

Answer 7

Civil Law

Question 8

a term used to describe the nature of our criminal and civil law systems, in which opposing sides present their best arguments in order for truth and justice to prevail

Answer 8

Adversial

Question 9

the term used to describe the defendant in a criminal trial

Answer 9

Accused

Question 10

the accused person (or group) in a lawsuit

Answer 10

Defendant

Question 11

a lawyer who represents the accused person in court and fight for their legal rights.

Answer 11

Defence Attorney

Question 12

the lawyer appointed by the government to prove the guilt of the accused during a court trial

Answer 12

Crown Attorney

Question 13

the standard of proof required for a criminal convinction. after taking into account all of the evidence presented, if enough doubt exists that s reasonable person can still question whether the accused must be found guilty

Answer 13

Reasonable Doubt

Question 14

the judge’s or jurie’s decision after considering all of the evidence presented in a trial or lawsuit, is also called the verdict

Answer 14

Judgement

Question 15

a representative or group of citizens changed with the responsibility of making a judgement in a criminal or civil trial

Answer 15

Jury

Question 16

the legal procedure followed in civil law, similar to a trial in criminal law

Answer 16

Lawsuit

Question 17

the accuser in a civil lawsuit

Answer 17

Plantiff

Question 18

a process intended as an alternative to the adversial court procedure

Answer 18

Alternative Dispute Resolution

Question 19

a traditional process that seeks healing

Answer 19

Aboriginal Sentencing Circles

Question 20

a statement prepared by a direct and innocent victim of a criminal act, to be read in court after a conviction and to help inform the judge on an appropriate sentence/punishment for the offender

Answer 20

Victim Statements

Question 21

the quality of fairness and importality; being respectful of individual differnce

Answer 21

Equity

Question 22

the sentence to death of convicted murderers

Answer 22

Capital Punishment

Question 23

was created in response to concerns about a lack of alternatives to courts and imprisonment for less serious cases, unfairness in sentencing, inadequate cases, unfairness in sentencing, inadequate rehabilitation for young people released from custody, and the need to better consider the interests of victims

Answer 23

Youth Justice

Question 24

an argument used as a defence in criminal cases, which acknowledges that a violent action taken to protect one’s self

Answer 24

Self Defence

Question 25

a type of law that originated in Medieval England where judges travelled to different communities to apply the king’s laws consistently from village to village

Answer 25

Common Law

Question 26

public institutions that review complaints in specific cases outside the regular courts to see if a resolution can be found before sending the dispute to a tribunal for a more formal hearing and determination

Answer 26

Commissions

Question 27

a ruling on judgement made by one judge that breaks new legal ground and sets a legal standard that must be followed in identical cases, and carefully considered in similar cases

Answer 27

Precedent

Question 28

public institutions that hear specific cases outside the regular courts to address disputes dealing with human rights, labour relations, and privacy

Answer 28

Tribunals

Question 29

the person who presides over a criminal or civil trial

Answer 29

Judge

Question 30

a legal term, defined in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, that describes the inherent fairness, equity, and ethical practices of the justice system

Answer 30

Fundamental Justice