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AP Human Geography > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Culture

A
  • Can be distinguished from habit and custom
  • The body of material traits, customary beliefs, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people
  • EX: American culture is to speak out about your opinions
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2
Q

Habit

A 
a repetitive act that a particular
individual performs, such as wearing jeans to class every day
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3
Q

custom

A

a repetitive act of a group. For

example, on Thursdays in the fall, LZHS students wear jerseys and /jorts/

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4
Q

Folk culture

A

Small, fairly homogenous groups • Today, mostly isolated in rural areas • Spreads by relocation dif
EX: Cow-tipping

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5
Q

Popular culture

A

Large, diverse groups • Widespread, urban • Spreads through media
-EX: hip hop

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6
Q

Folk culture origin

A

Anonymous hearth, center of innovation
• Possible to have multiple hearths each originating independently • Anonymous sources • unknown dates • Unidentified originators

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7
Q

Popular culture origin

A

Product of developed countries
• Typically North American or European • Origin often traceable to specific person or
corporation in a particular place

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8
Q

Folk culture diffusion

A

Smaller scale and slower transmissions from one location to another
primarily through relocation diffusion
(migration)

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9
Q

Pop cultur diffusion

A

Tends to be transmitted by way of hierachal diffusion
• Diffuses rapidly and extensively form hearths or nodes
of innovation with help of modern communications

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10
Q

Folk culture distribution

A

Combination of local physical and cultural
factors influence distinctive distributions.
• Isolation from other cultures because of physical barriers—e.g., distance and
mountain ranges • Religion

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11
Q

Distribution

A

Arrangementof a feature in space

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12
Q

Pop culture distribution

A

Widely distributed across many countries with little regard for physical factors
• Principal obstacle to access is lack of income to purchase the material

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13
Q

What are the elements of the origin and characteristics of folk music

A

Originates anonymously
Transmitted orally
• Modifications to songs over successive generations to represent changes in
conditions.
• Content of songs centers on events in daily life that are
familiar to the majority of people. (Like life cycle events like birth )
Migration (relocation diffusion) of people also diffuses the music.

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14
Q

Elements of the origin and diffusion of popular music

A 
Popular music is written by
specific individuals for the
purpose of being sold to a large
number of people.
-hierarchical diffusion from hearths or nodes of innovation
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15
Q

Origin and diffusion of soccer

A

-Origin British folk
The transformation of soccer from an English folk
custom to global popular culture began in the
1800s
• Sport became a subject that was taught in
school
Increasing leisure time permitted
people not only to view sporting events but to
participate in them.
• With higher incomes spectators paid to
see first-class events.
-Diffused to Dutch students who had been in Britain
-Diffused through worldwide British Empire
-Further diffused by new communication systems, especially radio and television

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16
Q

What elements in society explain clothing style in folk culture

A

Clothing in a traditional society is strongly influenced by the environment and by
occupation – but it isn’t just a
matter of protection.
• Traditional clothing can be worn for practical reasons – or as an expression of culture and
pride.

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17
Q

What is an example of how the environment can impact clothing preferences

A
  • Fur-lined boots in the artic and snowshoes

- Wooden shoes in the rainy Netherlands

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18
Q

What does pop culture clothing style reflect

A

Generally reflects occupation and income (update wardrobe often)
• Business suits Æ professionals
• Designer clothes Æ affluent

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19
Q

How had improved communications impact the diffusion of the clothing style

A
  • Central to rapid diffusion
  • Permitted rapid diffusion of clothing styles from one region of Earth to another and you can now buy cheaper versions of designer online cheaper
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20
Q

What are food preferences strongly influenced by

A

Cultural traditions

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21
Q

What is a taboo

A

A restriction of behavior imposed by a social custom to eat particular plants or animals that are believed to embody negative forces
is a taboo
EX: chopsticks sticking up in rice, eating cats in america

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22
Q

Bible/Hebrew food taboo and why

A
  • Can’t eat animals that don’t chew their cud or have cloven feet or fish lacking fins or scales
  • Concern for the environment-> pig sedentary but population nomads and meat spoils quickly in their heat
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23
Q

Muslim taboo and why

A
  • Pork
  • Pigs are unsuited for the drylands of the Arabian peninsula and would compete with humans for food and don’t do work
  • Raising pigs widespread would be an ecological disaster
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24
Q

Hindu taboo and why

A
  • Cattle
  • They need a lot of oxen in India because every field is plowed at about the same time-> when monsoons arrive
  • Prevents loss of oxen and increasing population
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25
Q

Why do Coke and Pepsi preferences differ based on geography

A

Government-> Soviet union sold Pepsi, after Soviet union, people preferred coke because pepsi associated with soviet union

  • Marketing tied to culture
  • Religion-> Coke sold in Jewish Isreal and Muslim countries boycott it for Pepsi
26
Q

Examples of how religious values or beliefs influence housing

A
  • Loas-> all head to head, feet to feet
  • Eastern wall of a house is sacred in Fiji
  • All directions except south have significance in folk houses in Madagascar
  • Houses in the central part of Java face south to face the South Sea Goddess who holds the key to the earth
27
Q

Cultural hearth

A

Hearth of culture. A center of innovation of the culture

28
Q

Relocation diffusion

A
  • Folk Culture
  • Diffusion by physically moving
  • Migration
  • EX: the relocation diffusion of Chinese Culture from China to the Chinatown in San Fran
29
Q

Cultural landscape

A

Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group.

EX: Some people in Asia dig out caves to live in

30
Q

Diffusion: Relocation

A

The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another
(EX: People from Germany relocate to Berlin in America)

31
Q

Diffusion: Stimulus

A

The spread of an underlying principal even though a specific characteristic is rejected
(EX: DVDs spread, but not Blu ray)

32
Q

Diffusion: Hierarchical

A

The spread of a feature or tend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places
(EX: the first iphones were only bought by rich powerful ppl)

33
Q

Diffusion: Contagious

A

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the entire population regardless of class, race, etc
(EX: the flu epidemic)

34
Q

Cultural trait

A

A trait of the culture

35
Q

What is the principal obstacle to accessing popular culture

A

-Lack of access to electronic media which can be caused by lack of income or lack of electricity, cell phone service, and other electronic media

36
Q

Why is TV the most import electronic media formats

A
  1. Watching TV is most popular leisure activity in the world.
  2. TV is most important mechanism for rapidly
    diffusing popular culture around the world
37
Q

In 2011, where was internet most widely available

A

Developed regions like North America, Europe, East Africa

-Originally America, then other countries followed

38
Q

In 2011, are still untouched by the internet

A

-Less developed regions like Africa, Subsaharan Africa, Some of India (India is second in tweeting though)

39
Q

What three countries dominate worldwide television markets

A

-Japan, the UK, and the United States

40
Q

Why do developing nations view television as a new source of cultural imperialism

A

The TV shows characteristically American beliefs and social forms Upward social mobility
• Freedom for women
• Glorification of youth
• Stylized violence (video games)

41
Q

What are the world’s two largest newspaper organizations and what countries are they associated with

A
  • The associated press (America)

- The Reuters (Britain)

42
Q

What kinds of content do some governments try to prevent their citizens from viewing

A
  • Political Content
  • Social Content
  • Conflict and Security
  • Internet Tools
43
Q

What kinds of content do some governments try to prevent their citizens from viewing: Political content

A

• Opposition to local government
-Expresses views in opposition to those of the current government that is related to human rights, freedom of expression, minority rights, religious movements

44
Q

What kinds of content do some governments try to prevent their citizens from viewing: Social content

A

• Socially sensitive material, such as gambling or sex
-Related to sexuality, gambling, illegal drugs, and alcohol, other topics that may be socially sensitive or perceived as offensive

45
Q

What kinds of content do some governments try to prevent their citizens from viewing: Conflict and security

A

• Armed conflict, border disputes, or militant groups

-Related to armed conflicts, border disputes, separatist movements, militant groups

46
Q

What kinds of content do some governments try to prevent their citizens from viewing: Internet tools

A

Email, Internet hosting, and Internet searches

47
Q

What are three reasons why beverages or snacks are preferred in different American regions

A
  • Preference for what is produced, grown, or imported locally (pork rinds in the south)
  • Cultural backgrounds affect the amount and type of alcohol and snack foods consumed (Utah has low alcohol amt bc v Christian)
  • Environmental factors
  • A lot of wine in France
  • Wine and Alcohol
48
Q

In what sense are building materials of folk housing unique

A
  • Reflects the environment (white house if it is sunny)
  • They come from nature/ materials around where they live.
  • (Brick mud in hot climates and wood in forested areas).
49
Q

What is the main challenge for folk cultures today

A
  • To maintain unique local landscapes in an age of globalization
  • Increased connection with popular culture can make it difficult to maintain centuries-old practices
50
Q

Where did the Amish culture originate and how did it diffuse to the United States

A
  • Bern (Switzerland), Alsace (France), Palatinale (Germany)
  • Bern and Palatine settled in Pennsylvania bc land low priced
  • Alsace settled in Ohio, Illinois, and Iowa also bc land inexpensive
51
Q

What is happening to the Amish today

A

The land where they settled is now cities and the land is more expensive, so they are moving to more rural areas with cheaper land

52
Q

What are the two ways that popular customs have an adverse effect on the natural environment

A
  • Pollution of the landscape (toxic chemicals, sewage)

- Depletion of scarce natural resources

53
Q

How do Popular and Folk cultures use their land

A

Folk culture are dependent on the local environment and they modify it somewhat, but it is balanced
-Pop culture is less dependent on local conditions bc food can be imported and pop culture pollutes the land more

54
Q

What is the uniform landscape

A

The spatial expression of a popular custom in on location will be similar to another
-Each McDonalds looks the same

55
Q

How and why is uniform landscape used by the fast-food restaurants

A
  • It enhances product recognition bc all McDonalds looks the same and people know what will be there
  • The business is organized as franchises(local businesses use the trademark, name, etc)
  • Uniform sign (golden arch)
56
Q

How is the playing of golf and golf courses an example of popular custom years That is not generally in harmony with the local environment

A
  • Each gold course covers 200ish acres and it needs a lot of fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation
  • There are golf courses where there is snow and where it is super dry- unsuitable
  • Drastically modifies the natural state of the landscape
57
Q

How has popular culture contributed to an increase in demand for animal products

A
  • Depletes scarce natural resources
  • demands certain animals skins for clothing that leads to endangerment
  • increased meat consumption- inefficient way to get calories bc you can just feed the grain to the people bc animals eat more pounds of grain than pounds of grain they produce
58
Q

What are the two main activities involved in recycling

A
  1. Pick up and processing-

2. Manufacturing-

59
Q

Maufacturing (recycling)

A
  1. Materials are manufactured into new product for which a market exists. Important inputs into manufacturing include recycled paper, plastic, glass, aluminum ,
60
Q

Pick up and processing

A
  1. Materials that would otherwise be thrown away are collected and sorted

AP Human Geography (6 decks)

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