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PSYC 3070 > UNIT 4 > Flashcards

UNIT 4 Flashcards

1
Q

intelligence

A
  • visible indicator of the efficiency of various cognitive processes that work together behind the scenes to process information
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2
Q

psychometrics

A
  • field of psychology that studies the measurement of human abilities
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3
Q

general intelligence

g

A

-general intellectual capacity, which influences the way we approach many different tasks

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4
Q

IQ

intelligence quotient

A
  • score on an intelligence test that reflects general intellectual capacity
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5
Q

flynn effect

A
  • term for the increase shown in IQ scores over the last century, due mainly to changes of modern life
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6
Q

crystallized intelligence

A
  • learned abilities based on education and experience

- measured by vocabulary and by verbal comprehension

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7
Q

fluid intelligence

A
  • basic adaptive abilities

- measured by tests of digit span, response speed, and abstract reasoning

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8
Q

memory

A
  • ability to retain or store information and retrieve it when needed
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9
Q

sensory store

memory

A
  • in information processing
  • the first step
  • information is detected by the senses and processed briefly by the perceptual system
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10
Q

short-term store

memory processing

A
  • second step

- information is held “in mind” for immediate recall (primary memory) or for active processing (working memory)

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11
Q

long-term store

memory processing

A
  • third step

- information is stored – both facts (in the semantic memory) and events (in episodic memory)

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12
Q

declarative memory

A
  • memories for facts and events that can be consciously evaluated
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13
Q

nondeclarative memory

A
  • memories for procedures that are generally not available to conscious awareness
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14
Q

primary memory

A
  • segment of short term store that holds information in place for immediate recall
  • passive maintenance of information in the short term sore
  • assessed by (digit span task)
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15
Q

digit-span task

A
  • test in which the participant hears a list of digits and is asked to real them in exact order
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16
Q 
working memory
(short term memory)
A
  • segment of short term store that performs cognitive operations on information
  • amount of information we can hold in mind while performing some type of operation on it
17
Q

(central) executive functioning

working memory

A
  • process involved in regulating attention and coordinating new and old information
18
Q

declarative memory

A
  • knowledge that is available to conscious awareness and can be assessed by recall or recognition tests
  • aka. explicit memory
  • semantic memory and episodic memory
19
Q

semantic memory

declarative memory

A
  • segment of the long-term store that contains factual information
  • knowledge of rules, language, concept
20
Q

episodic memory

declarative memory

A
  • segment of the long-term store that contains information about sequences of events
  • recall events
  • autobiographical memory bump
21
Q

word-finding failures

semantic memory

A
  • failure to recall a word that is known but momentarily unavailable
  • tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
22
Q

name-retrieval failures

semantic memory

A
  • inability to recall a name that is known but momentarily absent
23
Q

nondeclarative (procedural) memory

A
  • memory systems responsible for learning and retaining new skills
  • retained to old age
  • not think about skill anymore
  • automatic
24
Q

prospective memory

A
  • ability to remember to do something later on or at a specific time in the future
  • medication
25
Q

contextual perspective

A
  • approach to cognition that considers the context within which thought processes take place
26
Q

adaptive nature of cognition

contextual perspective

A
  • how cognitive abilities adapt to life changes across a lifetime
27
Q

stereotype threat

A
  • anxiety that arises when members of a group sre put in positions that might confirm widely held, negative stereotypes about them
  • results in confirmation of stereotype
28
Q

positivity bias

A
  • tendency for older adults to remember emotionally positive stimuli over emotionally negative stimuli
29
Q

positivity bias

A
  • tendency for older adults to remember emotionally positive stimuli over emotionally negative stimuli
30
Q

socioemotional selective theory

positivity bias

A
  • Carstensen
  • explanation that peole emphasize more meaningful, emotionally satisfying relationships as they become older
    more aware of the end of life than younger people
31
Q

socioemotional selective theory

positivity bias

A
  • Carstensen
  • explanation that peole emphasize more meaningful, emotionally satisfying relationships as they become older
    more aware of the end of life than younger people
32
Q

sociobiographical history

A
  • level of professional prestige, social position, and income that one experiences throughout one’s life
33
Q

expertise

A
  • sets of highly exercised skills required for such activities
34
Q

medication adherence

A
  • ability of patients to follow their physicians’ instructions about taking their prescribed medication in the right dosages, at the right time, and for the right length of time
35
Q

useful field of view

UFOV

A
  • are of the visual field that can be processed in one glance
36
Q

autobiographical memory bump

episodic memory

A
  • tendency for older adults to have increased recollection for events that occurred during their adolescence and early adulthood
37
Q

accommodation

successful cognitive aging

A
  • focus on things they are doing well

- less focusing on “failing” activities

38
Q

compensation

successful cognitive aging

A
  • changing strategies to overcome declining skills/abilities

- address “failing” abilities

39
Q

remediation

successful cognitive aging

A
  • active intervention to improve abilities where it used to be

PSYC 3070 (12 decks)

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