Unit 4

Question 1

Visual data analysis

Answer 1

A systematic form of data examinationcharacterized by visual inspection of graphical displays of those data.

Question 2

The Process of Visual Analysis

Answer 2

1. Taking an overview of an entire data display, noting its general characteristics.
2. Specific data inspection and analysis

Question 3

The Purpose of Visual Analysis

Answer 3

To answer 2 basic questions:1.Was there a meaningful change in behavior? 2.To what extent can the change be attributable to a specific environmental change?

Question 4

Types of data display

Answer 4

Embedded in text. Presented in summary form (usually numerically in a data table) Graph

Question 5

Graph

Answer 5

A relatively simple visual format for displaying data that provide visual representations of relationships between a series of measurements and relevant variables

Question 6

Graphic displays used in ABA

Answer 6

Equal interval line graph Cumulative records Bar graph(Histogram) Semi logarithmic graphs(standard celeration chart)

Question 7

Equal interval line graph(Simple line graph)

Answer 7

The most commonly used graph in ABA. Based on a Cartesian plane, a two-dimensional area formed by the intersection of two perpendicular lines (one vertical, one horizontal).

Question 8

Describe Equal interval line graphs

Answer 8

Any point within the plane of the chart represents a specific relationship between the two variables (dimensions) measured along each of the axis lines.

Question 9

Common Uses of Line Graphs

Answer 9

Charting ABA data To evaluate treatment effectiveness. Used in functional analyses

Question 10

Parts of an Equal Interval Line Graph

Answer 10

Horizontal X-axis; Vertical Y-axis; Data points; The data path; Condition and phase change lines; Condition and phase change labels; Figure legend

Question 11

Horizontal Axis

Answer 11

X-axis. The abscissa. Represents the passage of time

Question 12

Vertical Axis

Answer 12

Y-axis. The ordinate. Represents the range of values of the dependent variable

Question 13

X-Axis Units

Answer 13

Can be marked according to the needs of the behavior analyst as any specified recorded observation periods, over a period of time

Question 14

Y-Axis Units

Answer 14

Equal movements up the Y-axis represent equal increases in the behavior; shouldbe expressed in whole time units

Question 15

Y-Axis Range

Answer 15

Runs from zero up to some number which is chosen by the creator of the graph

Question 16

Data Point

Answer 16

An individually measured value of the target behavior (the DV) at a given point in time

Question 17

Data Path

Answer 17

A series of straightlines connecting successive data points within a phase or condition.It represents the relationship between the IV and the DV.

Question 18

Phase Changes

Answer 18

Represent a major change in the IV,OR a major (usually permanent) change in the environment

Question 19

Phase ChangeLines

Answer 19

A solid vertical line placed at a point along the X-axis indicating the point in time that the phase change occurred

Question 20

Condition Changes

Answer 20

Represent a minor change in the IV,OR a minor (usually temporary) change in the environment

Question 21

Condition Change Lines

Answer 21

A dotted vertical line placed at a point along the X-axis indicating the point in time when the condition changed

Question 22

X-axis Label

Answer 22

States whichtime periods are represented by each successive data point

Question 23

Y-axis Label

Answer 23

States which response measure was used to measure the dependent variable –the target behavior

Question 24

Phase Labels

Answer 24

Brief labels, placed at the top of the chart, that identify each separate major phase of treatment

Question 25

Condition Labels

Answer 25

Mark changes occurring within a phase

Question 26

Figure legend

Answer 26

A concise statement that provides you with:Sufficient information to identify the DVs and IVs, and Possibly other salient information necessary to visually interpret the data.

Question 27

4 primary graph characteristics that contribute to visual analysis

Answer 27

Level; Variability; Trend; The number of data points

Question 28

Level

Answer 28

The mean (average) value of a set of data points, usually across an entire condition or phase

Question 29

Trend

Answer 29

The overall direction taken by the data path through a set of data points

Question 30

3 Possible Trends

Answer 30

Increasing; Decreasing; Zero (no trend)

Question 31

Variability

Answer 31

The extent to which measures of behavior under the same environmental conditions diverge from one another

Question 32

Median Level

Answer 32

Used when outlying data points skew the level line in a way that makes it non-representative of the data set as a whole

Question 33

Trend Line

Answer 33

A straight line drawn through a series of graphically displayed data points that represent the direction and degree of trend

Question 34

Best Fit Line

Answer 34

A trendline that bisects the data, with close to an equal number of data points above the line and below the line

Question 35

Split Middle Line of Progress

Answer 35

A mathematical way to calculate trend

Question 36

3 Data points

Answer 36

The minimum number of data points necessary to establish trend, variability or level of data

Question 37

Cumulative Record

Answer 37

Developed by Skinner as the primary means of data collection and analysis in EAB laboratory research

Question 38

Cumulative Recorder

Answer 38

An automated device that automatically creates a graph of the subject's behavior

Question 39

Bar Graph (Histogram)

Answer 39

No distinct data pointsbut rather the vertical axis represents the value of a DV and the horizontal axis represents a phase, condition, or classification variable

Question 40

Uses of Bar Graphs

Answer 40

To summarize and compare data for different groups or subjects and/or different conditions. Tocompare sets of data that are not related to one another by a common underlying dimension by which the horizontal access can be scaled

Question 41

Standard Celeration Chart

Answer 41

Enables the charting of celeration (a factor by which rate of behavior multiplies or dividesper unit of time). Used in Precision Teaching.