Unit 4 Flashcards by Jennica Quast

inflection

the process by which words change their form according to their use in a sentence

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case

the form that a noun takes as a sign of its grammatical function in a sentence

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nominative case

is used for the subject of a sentence

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genitive case

when a Latin word appears in the genitive case, translate it with an “of”

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first declension

singular plural
nominative -a -ae
genitive -ae -arum

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second declension

singular plural
nominative -us -i
genitive -i -orum

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fourth declension

singular plural
nominative -us -us
genitive -us

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fifth declension

singular plural
nominative -es -es
genitive -ei

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first declension:

alumna, alumnae

nursling, pupil

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first declension:

antenna, antennae

antenna, feeler

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first declension:

aqua, aquae

water

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first declension:

forumula, formulae

formula, pattern

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first declension:

larva, larvae

larva

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first declension:

lingua, linguae

tongue

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first declension:

medulla, medullae

marrow

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first declension:

spina, spinae

spine

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first declension:

tibia, tibiae

shin bone (“pipe flute”)

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first declension:

vertebra, vertebrae

vertebra

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first declension:

vita, vitae

life

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second declension:

alumnus, alumni

nursling, pupil

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second declension:

cactus, cacti

cactus, prickly plant

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second declension:

focus, focu

center, focus (“hearth”)

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second declension:

fungus, fungi

mushrooms, fungi

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second declension:

locus, loci

place

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second declension: musculus, musculi

muscle

second declension: nasus, nasi

nose

second declension: nervus, nervi

nerve

second declension: radius, radii

spoke (of a wheel), ray

second declension: stimulus, stimuli

goad, incentive

second declension: terminus, termini

end, endpoint

second declension: addendum, addendi

a thing to be added

second declension: cavum, cavi

hollow space, cavity

second declension: curriculum, curriculi

course of study ("running race")

second declension: datum, dati

item of information ("thing given")

second declension: exemplum, exempli

example

second declension: medium, medii

transmitter ("middle thing")

fourth declension: cursus, cursus

course, running

fourth declension: fetus, fetus

fetus, offspring

fourth declension: manus, manus

hand

fifth declension: facies, faciei

face, appearance

fifth declension: series, seriei

series, sequence

fifth declension: species, speciei

species, type

third declension

singular plural nominative --- -es genitive -is -um singular plural nominative --- -a genitive -is -um

depressor, depressoris

mechanism for pressing down

dilator, dilatoris

mechanism for spreading out

flexor, flexoris

mechanism for bending

levator, levatoris

mechanism for lifting

livor, livoris

bluish discoloration

motor, motoris

mechanism for moving

rigor, rigoris

stiffness, rigidity

tensor, tensoris

mechanism for stretching or tensing

axis, axis

axis

naris, naris

nostril

piscis, piscis

fish

testis, testis

testicle

appendix, appendicis

appendix ("that which hangs on")

cervix, cervicis

neck, cervix

index, indicis

index ("that which points out")

matrix, matricis

matrix, structure, mold

abdomen, abdominis

abdomen

biceps, bicipitis

two-headed (muscle of the arm)

femur, femoris

femur (bone of the upper leg)

mors, mortis

death

os, ossis

bone

pes, pedis

foot

corpus, corporis

body

genus, generis

type, family, race

viscus, visceris

entrails

first declension: costa, costae

rib

first declension: membrana, membranae

membrane

first declension: palperbra, palpebrae

eyelid

first declension: vena, venae

vein

second declension (-us): digitus, digiti

finger, toe

second declension (-us): oculus, oculi

eye

second declension (-um): brachium, brachii

arm

second declension (-um): supercilium, supercilii

eyebrow

second declension (-um): tympanum, tympani

drum

fourth declension: coitus, coitus

intercourse

fourth declension: sinus, sinus

cavity

gender of declensions

- first declension nouns are feminine - second declension nouns ending in -us are masculine - second declension nouns ending in -um are neuter - nearly all fourth declension nouns are masculine - fifth declension nouns are feminine

first/second declension adjectives

mas. sing. masc. pl. fem. sing. fem. pl. nom. -us -i -a -ae gen. -i -orum - ae -arum neut sing. neut. pl. nom. -um -a gen. - i -orum

third declension adjectives

masc. /fem sing. masc./fem pl. neut. sing nom. -is -es -e gen. -is -ium -is neut. pl. nom. -ia gen. -ium

first/second declension: bifidus, bifida, bifidum

forked

first/second declension: cavus, cava, cavum

hollow

first/second declension: durus, dura, durum

hard

first/second declension: latus, lata, latum

wide

first/second declension: longus, longa, longum

wide

first/second declension: magnus, magna, magnum

big, great, large

first/second declension: mucosus, mucosa, mucosum

mucous

first/second declension: multus, multa, multum

many, much

first/second declension: transversus, transversa, transversum

oblique, moving across

first/second declension: dexter, dextra, dextrum

right

first/second declension: sinister, sinistra, sinistrum

left

third declension: brevis, breve

short

third declension: centralis, centrale

central

third declension: communis, commune

shared, common

third declension: frontalis, frontale

relating to the forehead

third declension: jugularis, jugulare

jugular

third declension: lacrimalis, lacrimale

related to the ears

third declension: mollis, molle

soft

third declension: superficialis, superficiale

superficial, on the surface

third declension: veterbralis, vertebrale

of the vertebra

a.c. | ante cibum

before food

p.c. | post cibum

after food

a.m. | ante meridiem

before midday

p.m. | post meridiem

after midday

a.n. | ante noctem

before night

b.d. | bis die

twice a day

h.s. | hora somni

at the hour of sleep

a.d. | auris dextra

right ear

a.s | auris sinistra

left ear

o.d. | oculus dexter

right eye

o.s. | oculus sinister

left eye

p.o. | per os

orally, through the mouth

p.r. | per rectum

rectally, through the rectum

s.l. | sub lingua

under the tongue

ad lib. | ad libitum

as desired

s.o.s. | si opus sit

as needed (if there should be need)

stat. | statim

immediately

ut dict. | ut dictum

as directed (as stated)

c/ | cum

with

s/ | sine

without

B.A. | artium baccalaureus

bachelor of arts

B.S. | scientiae baccalaureus

bachelor of science

M.A. | magister artium

master of arts

M.D. | medicinae doctor

doctor of medicine

Ph.D. | philosophiae doctor

doctor of philosophy

latior, latius | latissimus, latissima, latissimum

broader | broadest

longior, longius | longissimus, longissima, longissimum

longer | longest

major, majus | maximus, maxima, maximum

greater, bigger, larger | greatest, biggest, largest

minor, minus | minimus, minima, minimum

smaller | smallest

anterior, anterius

farther forward

posterior, posterius

farther to the back

superior, superius

higher, upper

inferior, inferius

lower

exterior, exterius

outer, farther out

interior, interius

inner, closer to the middle

alb-

white

flav-

yellow

nigr-

black

purpur-

purple

rose-

red

rubr-

red

chlor-

green/yellow

cyan-

dark blue

eryth-, erythr-

red

glauc-

gray

leuk-

white

melan-

black

poli-

gray