UNIT 4: AOS 2: What Influences Mental Wellbeing?

Question 1

Typical behaviour

Answer 1

Behaviour that applies to or is exhibited by the majority of people and/or majority of the time

Question 2

Atypical behaviour

Answer 2

Behaviour that is not exhibited by the majority of people

Question 3

Adaptive behaviour

Answer 3

Behaviourthat enables someone to adjust to behaviour or situations

Question 4

Maladaptive behaviour

Answer 4

Often used to reduce anxiety. Result is dysfunctional, and usually don’t address the actual problem.

Question 5

Wellbeing

Answer 5

A state in which an individual is mentally, physically, and socially healthy and secure.

Question 6

Mental Wellbeing

Answer 6

An individual’s psychological state indicating their ability to think, process information and regulate emotions.

Question 7

What is characteristic of high mental wellbeing?

Answer 7

-Being independent and able to carry out everyday tasks
-Strong social and emotional wellbeing
-High levels of functioning
-Resillience to stressors

Question 8

Resillience

Answer 8

-Dynamic process wherein individuals display positive adaptation despite experiences of aversity, trauma or change.
-High resiliance has been linked to greater life satisfaction and happiness

Question 9

Characterisitics of the social and emotional wellbeing framework

Answer 9

Multidimensional- made up of different components/sections
Holistic- Approaches wellbeing as a whole person, including their mental, physical, spiritual and social needs
Self is viewed as significantly linked to family and community

Question 10

Determinants of Wellbeing for Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders

Answer 10

Social- Circumstances in which people grow, live, and work, and the systems put in place to deal with illness -socioeconomic status, impact of poverty. unemployment, racial discrimination
Historical The ongoing influences of events, policies and trauma on groups of people. E.G. colonisation and its legacy, impact of past gov. policy
Political Policies that shape the process of distributing resources and power to individuals and communitym and create or reinforce social and health inequalities. E.G. unresolved issues of land, control of local resources, rights of self determination.

Question 11

Characteristics of low mental wellbeing

Answer 11

-Distress
-Dysfunction

Question 12

7 Domains of SEWB

Answer 12

Body and behaviours Physical health, and its resoration through sport, hunting and gathering and medicines.
Mind and Emotions Beyond mental health. Recognising postive emotions, self-confidance and joy. Restored through support, education and truth-telling
Family and kinship Family and groups, respect for elders, gender and ages roles. Restoration includes connecting with family history, programs, developing healthy relationship.
Community Cultural structures of responsibility, social inclusion and relationships. Restoration includes self-determination and engaging with community.
Culture includes cultural expression, knowledge and identity. Restoration includes learning about and participating in expression and knowledge.
Country Deep experience of belonging to Country. Restoration includes returning to land as a way of healing.
Spirituality and Ancestors Knowledge and belief systems, the Dreaming and cultural healing practices. Restoration includes accepting evolving expressions of spirituality and coexisting with other religions.

Question 13

Cultural Continuity

Answer 13

The ability to preserve and carry forward a rich heritage, traditions, practices, knowledge and way of life across generations.

Question 14

Self-determination

Answer 14

The ability of Aboriginal peoples to determine their own political, economic, social and cultural development. Aboriginal peoples take ownership and responisibility for delivering on their own terms.

Question 15

Biological contributing factors for specific phobia

Answer 15

GABA dysfunction Low levels of GABA lead to higher levels of anxiety because there is not enough GABA to adequately regulate anxiety or arousal levels
Long term potentiation Phobias are likely learnt through experience. LTP is involved in adapting the brain when the new information is learnt and consolidated

Question 16

Biological evidence-based interventions

Answer 16

Benzodiazepines are GABA agonists which imitate a neurotransmitters activity, reducing the symtoms of anxiety.
Breathing Retraining Involves identifying abnormal breathing habits and replacing them with healthy ones such as box breathing

Question 17

Psychological contributing factors for specific phobia

Answer 17

Precipitation by classical conditioning By repeatedly pairing an NS (dentist) immediately before a UCS (pain from injection), a classically conditioned fear can be established, with the CS alone (dentist) eliciting a CR (fear)
Perpetuation by operant conditioning Antecedent (the phobic stimulus), Behaviour (avoiding the phobic stimulus), Consequence (Negatively reinforce avoidance behaviour, increasing likelihood of avoidance behaviours, which perpetuates the phobia).
Cognitive bias Memory bias and Catastrophic thinking

Question 18

Memory Bias

Answer 18

Occurs when there is an error of thinking that enhances or impairs the retrieval of memory, or alters the memory

Question 19

Catastrophic Thinking

Answer 19

A type of negative thinking in which an object, situation or event is seen as more threatening that it really is

Question 20

Psychological evidence-based interventions

Answer 20

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy focuses on helping a person change maladaptive, negative automatic thoughts/behaviours and replace them with more positive, realistic ones.
Systematic Desensitisation Based on the assumption that most anxiety responses are aquired through classical conditioning. Elimination of a specific phobia through counter-conditioning. 4 steps.

Question 21

Systematic Desensitisation

Answer 21

Based on the assumption that most anxiety responses are aquired through classical conditioning. Elimination of a specific phobia through counter-conditioning.
1- Therapist trains the person in a relaxation technique
2- Person makes a hierarchy of anxiety-causing stimuli that are linked to their phobia, from least anxiety-inducing to most
3- Tries to work through the hierarchy, learning to remain relaxed while imagining each stimulus. This is repeated until the peson can go through each step with little to no fear

Question 22

Social contributing factors for specific phobia

Answer 22

Specific environmental triggers Negative or traumatic encounters with the feared object or sitution
Stigma around seeking treatment Negative social attitude attached to a characteristic of an individual that may be regarded as a mental, physical, or social deficiency.
Can lead to:
-Reluctance to seek treatment
-A lack of understanding by family etc
-Discrimination- fewer opportunities

Question 23

Social evidence-based interventions

Answer 23

Psychoeducation involves the explanation of the nature of mental disorders, their treatment and management strategies. Can equip patients and their supporters with strategies to help them manage their phobia.
-Learning to challenge unrealisitc thoughts
-Discouraging avoidance behaviours

Question 24

Biological Protective factors

Answer 24

Adequate nutritional intake, hydration and sleep Important to get enough nutriants, water. Sleep needs to be of appropriate duration and quality.

Question 25

Psychological Protective factors

Answer 25

**Cognitive behavioural strategies** Techniques drawn from CBT, to identify, assess and correct faulty patterns of thinkingthat may be affecting mental health. **Mindfulness Meditation** Deliberately focusing attention in the present moment, without judgement. Enables individuals to become highly attentive to sensory information and to focus on each moment as it occurs, reducing stress.

Question 26

Social Protective factors

Answer 26

**Support that is authentic and energising** Assistance, care or empathy provided by people. Should be genuine, and provide enthusiasm. Isolation is not helpful to mental wellbeing.