UNIT 4 AOS1 Flashcards

Question

Theta Waves - end of nREM 1, nREM 2, start of nREM 3

Answer 1

Less frequency than alpha + more amplitude than alpha (Medium frequency, Medium-high amplitude) K-complex - random spike in middle Sleep spindles - a small area with low amplitude for a moment then rises again

Answer 2

Lowest frequency + Highest amplitude

Answer 3

Similar to beta in terms of frequency and amplitude but occurs in REM sleep

Answer 4

- Detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the body muscles. - Attached to the skin above the muscles. DURING REM: low activity; low levels of physiological activity. DURING NREM: medium/moderate activity; some physiological activity.

Answer 5

- Detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of muscles responsible for eye movement. - Attached to the skin above eye muscles. DURING REM: Rapid eye movement; high activity. DURING NREM: No rapid eye movement; low activity.

Answer 6

- Measures aspects of sleep that cannot be detected by physiological measurements (EEG, EMG) E.g vivid dreams, how rested you feel, sleep quality

Answer 7

Use of cameras and audio technologies to record an individual’s sleep E.g Types of movement during sleep - Important for sleep walking

Answer 8

Repeated Biological processes that are regulated by internal mechanisms. - Circadian + Ultradian

Answer 9

Sleep-wake cycle The time spent wake + alert and time spent asleep 24 hour cycle

Answer 10

Biological and behavioural changes that occur in a cycle and lasts less than 24-hours

Answer 11

Area of hypothalamus that is responsible for regulating an individuals sleep-wake patterns - Receives information from both cues to help modulate circadian rhythm EXTERNAL CUES: information from environment, presence or absence of light INTERNAL CUES: information that originates from within the body

Answer 12

1. SCN receives external (light) and internal cues (detected by photoreceptors) 2. Processes information, SCN sends neural messages (signals) to the pineal gland to produce and release melatonin 3. Melatonin promotes feelings of calm and relaxation, therefore promotes sleep

Answer 13

Melatonin - released from pineal gland Cortisol - released from adrenaline gland

Answer 14

- Low levels in morning, high levels at night - Released at night to induce sleep - Makes individual feel more calm and relaxed

Answer 15

- High levels in morning, low levels at night - Makes you more wake

Answer 16

16 hours 50% REM, 50% nREM REM sleep is significantly high as they are experiencing rapid brain development + nREM for replenishing tissues

Answer 17

13.5 hours 35% REM, 65% nREM REM sleep is significantly high as they are experiencing rapid brain development + nREM for replenishing tissues

Answer 18

11 hours 20% REM, 80% nREM Time spent in REM starts to reduce as the pace of brain development settles

Answer 19

9 hours 20% REM, 80% nREM Sleep patterns can change due to social factors. Due to having to wake up earlier

Answer 20

7-8 hours 20% REM, 80% nREM Low levels of sleep occurring due to health

Answer 21

6 hours 20% REM, 80% nREM Low levels of sleep occurring due to health

Answer 22

Insufficient sleep for age/needs. Poor quantity / quality

Answer 23

No sleep for 24 hours or more

Answer 24

Less than the required quantity or quality of sleep in a 24 hour period

Answer 25

How long you spend asleep

Answer 26

Light or disrupted sleep. Poor quality example: - Sleep walking - Less deep sleep - Difficulty breathing - Medication changing sleep patterns Caused by: - Lifestyle factors; work, child - Sleep disorders - Stress - External stimulus

Answer 27

Affective Behavioural Cognitive

Answer 28

Changes in emotional state and functioning E.g: snapping at others, less empathy

Answer 29

Changes in actions and way we function E.g: increased risk taking, yawning, rubbing eyes, eating more

Answer 30

Changes in thinking process E.g: Lapses in attention, impaired memory ability, illogical or irrational thinking

Answer 31

Lowered awareness (Cognitive) Affected judgement (Cognitive) Enhanced emotions (Affective) Clumsy (Behavioural) Reaction times (Cognitive).

Answer 32

17 hours sleep deprived = effects of 0.05% BAC (blood alcohol concentration) 24 hours sleep deprived = effect of 0.1% BAC

Answer 33

Disturbances to typical sleeping and waking patterns

Answer 34

- Is a group of sleep disorders involving a mismatch between the actual and desired sleep-wake pattern - This results in less appropriate sleep

Answer 35

Sleep disorders that interfere with the typical sleep times therefore leading to a change in the sleep-wake cycle Might not lead to partial sleep deprivation - Delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) - Advanced sleep phase disorder (ASPD) - Shift work

Answer 36

Circadian sleep rhythm is delayed 2-3 hours or more, resulting in going to sleep later and waking up later Can't fall asleep when intended, delayed sleep causes delayed waking, more than one night Biological, most often occurs in adolescence Delay in Melatonin Causes: - Lifestyle Factors - Poor sleep patterns - Shift-work

Answer 37

INTERNAL BIO: Puberty; hormonally induced shift of the body clock with melatonin not being released 1-2hrs later than in childhood INTERNAL PSYCH: Rumination; repeatedly thinking and worrying about things EXTERNAL: Social factors. eg. work

Answer 38

Extreme tiredness in the evening. Sleep and waking occur earlier than usual Falling asleep earlier, waking up earlier, continuous Causes: - Life styles factors - Genetics - Old-age -> reduction in melatonin, decreased exposure to light in early afternoon In elderly melatonin duration is also reduced

Answer 39

Shift-work employment outside of a normal work day. Working overnight Disorder of not going to sleep when your body tells you to Forced to stay awake when circadian rhythm indicated that they should be asleep

Answer 40

- Sleepiness at work (safety concerns) - Partiality sleep deprived - Insomnia - Mood swings - 10 days to recover/adjust after night shifts

Answer 41

- Shift friendly rosters / consistent hours - Bright light workplace conditions - Low light conditions after leaving shift and at home

Answer 42

Exposure to intense amounts of light at regular patterns to shift sleep-wake cycle to a desired schedule Light is transmitted to the SCN, which will then decrease melatonin and increase cortisol levels Use: Advanced: the afternoon Delayed: the morning Consists of: - Exposure to 10,000 LUX

Answer 43

Practices and habits that promote an individuals sleep pattern How to improve sleep hygiene: - Avoid stimulating activities before bed such as exercise - Avoid napping - Associate the bed and bedroom with sleep

Answer 44

Environmental cue affecting sleep via SCN to regulate the body's circadian They include: - Drinking / Eating - Blue light - Light - Temperature - Exercise

Answer 45

Vigorous exercise stimulus digestion which makes sleep more difficult

Answer 46

Exposure to the sunlight ensures we are awake during they day, and asleep during the night. Darkness for sleep to promote melatonin release

Answer 47

Passed by SCN -> pineal gland to delay melatonin causing you to feel less sleepy Avoid for about an hour before bed as it make sleep more difficult

Answer 48

Caffeine increases brain activity which makes sleep more difficult Alcohol reduces the quality of sleep Eatings stimulates the digestive system which makes sleeping more difficult and an insufficient food intake in hours before bed makes sleep more difficult

Answer 49

- Ambient temp of 16c is best for sleep - Cooler temp for sleep to match the drop in body temperature as the night progresses (Temperature follows it's own circadian rhythm)