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Biology 182 > Unit 4 Bio > Flashcards

Unit 4 Bio Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

pili

A

a proteinaceous, polymeric organelle expressed on surface of bacteria. functions include mediation of cell interactions, DNA uptake, and motility

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2
Q

flagella

A

hairlike structure that acts primarily as an organelle of locomotion in the cells of many organisms

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3
Q

glycocalyx

A

a network of polysaccharides that project from cellular surfaces of bacteria

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4
Q

capsule

A

polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope and part of outer envelope of a bacterial cell

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5
Q

slime

A

layer of mucus covering body if fish

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6
Q

endospore

A

formant, tough, non reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria from Firmicute phylum

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7
Q

magnetosome

A

intracellular structure produced by magneto tactic bacteria, compromise nanoparticles surrounded by lipid bilayer membrane

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8
Q

choanoflagellate

A

globally distributed group of marine protozoans with a highly distinctive morphology with whip like flagellum and collar of shorter hairs

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9
Q

asymmetric

A

lack of body pattern or plan

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10
Q

radial symmetry

A

bodies organized circularly

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11
Q

bilateral symmetry

A

defined left and right halves

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12
Q

cephalization

A

localized of sensory structures at anterior of body. encounter environment head first

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13
Q

dorsal

A

back of body

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14
Q

ventral

A

front of body

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15
Q

cleavage

A

rapid cell divisions with no significant growth and produces blastula

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16
Q

blastula

A

hallow sphere of cells

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17
Q

germ layer

A

tissue layers

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18
Q

gastrulation

A

area where blastula invaginates, promotes function of different germ layers. occurs in all organisms except sponges

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19
Q

gastrula

A

structure formed as result of gastrulation, forms several layers of tissues

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20
Q

endoderm

A

inner layer, lines primitive digestive tract and liver and lungs in chordates

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21
Q

ectoderm

A

outer layer, covers surface of embryo and differentiates into epidermis and nervous systems

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22
Q

mesoderm

A

true third layer of tissue, muscles and most of the organ systems

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23
Q

mesoglea

A

not. true tissue, translucent non living gelatinous substance between layers

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24
Q

triploblastic

A

bilaterally symmetrical, endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm

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25
diploblastic
endoderm, ectoderm, mesoglea
26
blastospore
indentation of endoderm, opening of digestive tract to the outside
27
deuterostrome
anus develops before mouth (all vertebrates and some invertebrates) coelom forms by out pocketing of primitive gut
28
protostome
mouth develops before anus (most invertebrates) coelom forms by splitting of mesoderm
29
determinant cleave
fate of embryonic cells determined early in development, one of cells removed: development halted
30
inter determinate cleavage
cells produced in early cleavage retain the ability to develop into a complete embryo. removed: continues to grow
31
spiral cleavage
newly formed upper layer of cells lay on top of junction of cells immediately below it
32
radial cleavage
newly formed upper layer of cells lay directly on top of cells immediately below it
33
coelom
internal fluid filled body cavity, creates segmentation or compartmentalization
34
coelomate
cavity completely linked by mesoderm
35
acoelomates
lack a fluid filled body cavity, contains mesenchyme instead which is tissue derived from mesoderm
36
psuedocoelomates
have a fluid filled body cavity but it is not completely lined by tissue from mesoderm
37
ecdysozoa
new clade of molting organisms. all members secrete a non living cuticle or exoskeleton
38
ecdysis
a process of molting a too small exoskeleton and secreting a newer larger one
39
lophotrophozoa
divided into 2 groups base don larval form
40
lophophore
horse shoe crown of tentacle, rotifers, bryozoans, brachiopods
41
trochophore
band of swimming cilia around middle, annelids, brachiopods
42
colloblasts
cells that secrete a sticky substance to catch prey (copepods, larval inverts, small fish)
43
bioluminescence
the production and emission of light by living organism
44
amoebocytes
absorbed food from choanocytes and transport
45
spicules
structural components of a sponge
46
polyp
growth that protrudes from mucous membrane
47
medusa
cnidarian umbrella body form
48
incomplete digestive tract
digestive cavity with one opening
49
complete digestive tract
food and liquids can move through cavity and exit body as feces
50
nematocytes
large organelles produced by Golgi as a secretory product within specialized cells
51
ocelli
photoreceptors
52
auricles
chemoreceptors and sensory cells
53
foot (mollusks)
muscular organ used for movement, attachment, and food capture
54
visceral mass
contains internal organs
55
mantle
fold of skin that covers visceral mass, secretes shell and help develop lungs and gills
56
mantle cavity
houses gills, generate a continue current of water either through cilia or muscular contractions to exchange waste and water
57
radula
organ that bears many rows of teeth used to obtain food. can scrape off plants and algae as drill
58
open circulatory system
blood is not enclosed in blood vessels and pumped into hemocoel cavity
59
closed circulatory system
blood is pumped through vessels separate from interstitial fluid of body
60
pentamerous radial symmetry
their body can be divided into 5 parts which point outward from center of body
61
water vascular system
locomotion, feeding, gas exchange, sensory reception
62
notochord
flexible supporting rod
63
dorsal hallow cord
bundle of nerve fiber that culminates in brain
64
pharyngeal slits
water and gas exchange
65
postanal tail

Biology 182 (4 decks)

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