Unit 4- Biology

Question 1

Myelin Sheath

Answer 1

The fatty coating of an axon, speeds up neuron communication

Question 2

Neuron

Answer 2

Building blocks of the nervous system, communicate through neurotransmitters

Question 3

Synapse

Answer 3

The process of sending neurotransmitters from one neuron to another

Question 4

Reuptake

Answer 4

reabsorption of unused neurotransmitters back into the sending neuron

Question 5

Neurotransmitters

Answer 5

Chemical messages used by neurons to communicate

Question 6

Dopamine

Answer 6

Neurotranmitter responsible for movement, learning, attention, emotion (oversupply linked to schizophrenia)

Question 7

Acetylcholine

Answer 7

Neurotransmitter responsible for muscle movement

Question 8

Norepinephrine

Answer 8

controls alertness and arousal

Question 9

Serotonin

Answer 9

Controls mood, hunger, and sleep (undersupply linked to depression)

Question 10

GABA

Answer 10

Inhibitory (blocks) neurotransmitter

Question 11

Glutamate

Answer 11

Excitatory neurotransmitter (oversupply can overstimulate brain and cause headaches)

Question 12

Endorphins

Answer 12

neurotransmitter linked to pleasure and pain control

Question 13

Agonists

Answer 13

drugs that mimic neurotransmitters

Question 14

Antagonists

Answer 14

drugs that block neurotransmitters

Question 15

Endocrine System

Answer 15

Body’s slow chemical messaging system- uses the bloodstream and hormones to communicate

Question 16

Hormones

Answer 16

Chemical messages passed through the bloodstream

Question 17

Adrenal gland

Answer 17

gland responsible for producing adrenaline

Question 18

Pituitary gland

Answer 18

master gland of the endorcrine system, regulates multiple hormones

Question 19

Plasticity

Answer 19

ability for the brain to adapt to changes. For example, if part of the brain is missing, the brain can adapt.
- higher in children than adults

Question 20

Right Hemisphere

Answer 20

Side of the brain that controls spatial reasoning and creativity
- controls the left side of the body

Question 21

Left Hemisphere

Answer 21

Side of the brain responsible for logic and language

• Only side that can control language
• Controls the right side of the body

Question 22

Central Nervous System

Answer 22

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 23

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 23

Controls the vital functions (automatic body functions) like heart and breathing

Question 24

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 24

Controls the skeletal muscles

Question 25

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 25

Arouses the body (increases heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, lowers digestion)

Question 26

Parasympathetic Nervous system

Answer 26

Relaxes the body (decreases heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, increases digestion)

Question 27

Frontal Lobe/Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 27

Responsible for decision making and logical reasoning

Question 28

Occipital Lobe

Answer 28

Responsible for eyesight-processes visual information

Question 29

Cerebellum

Answer 29

Controls balance and implicit memories (movements like running or walking)

Question 30

Hippocampus

Answer 30

Responsible for Long Term Memory

Question 31

Reticular Formation

Answer 31

Responsible for arousal

Question 32

Broca's area

Answer 32

Part of the brain responsible for Speech

Question 33

Wernicke's Area

Answer 33

Part of the brain responsible for processing and understanding language

Question 34

Amygdala

Answer 34

Responsible for fear, anger and aggression

Question 35

Medulla

Answer 35

Part of the brain responsible for vital functions (heart rate and breathing)

Question 36

Hypothalamus

Answer 36

Master gland. Controls the endocrine system

Question 37

Drug

Answer 37

any substance that alters brain chemistry

Question 38

Tolerance

Answer 38

Over long term drug use, a person requires more of the drug to get the same effect

Question 39

Withdrawal

Answer 39

After discontinued drug use a person will experience bodily discomfort (headaches, shaking, etc)

Question 40

Depressants

Answer 40

Drugs responsible for slowing down the nervous system | Ex- Alcohol, opiates, etc.

Question 41

Stimulants

Answer 41

Drugs that speed up the nervous system | Ex- Caffeine, Nicotine, Amphetamines

Question 42

Hallucinogens

Answer 42

Drugs that create sensory information that does not exist | Ex. Marijuana (THC), LSD, Shrooms

Question 43

Opiates

Answer 43

Drugs that mimic endorphins as painkillers and are highly addictive Ex. Vicodin, Morphine, etc.

Question 44

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 44

Bodies natural 24 hour internal clock | - makes you tired when you usually sleep, wakes you up when you are usually awake

Question 45

REM Sleep

Answer 45

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep following deep sleep | - stage of sleep responsible for dreams

Question 46

Insomnia

Answer 46

Sleep disorder where someone has difficulty falling asleep

Question 47

Narcolepsy

Answer 47

Sleep disorder where a person can fall spontaneously into deep sleep

Question 48

Sleep Apnea

Answer 48

Sleep disorder where a person suddenly stops breathing during sleep. Makes it difficult to maintain deep and restful sleep.

Question 49

Night Terrors/ Sleepwalking

Answer 49

A person experiences dread at night, but no recollection of the events. decreases restful sleep (occurs during deep sleep, not REM)

Question 50

Dreams

Answer 50

Vivid sensory experiences during sleep. Occur ONLY during REM sleep

Question 51

Manifest Content

Answer 51

The remembered content of a dream. The details of a dream

Question 52

Latent Content

Answer 52

The underlying meaning of a dream