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Biology A&P 1 > Unit 4: Bones > Flashcards

Unit 4: Bones Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Contains skull, vertebral, column, sternum, and ribcage

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2
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Bones within upper & lower limbs including pectoral and pelvic girdles

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3
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of bone

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4
Q

Epiphysis

A

Where bone grows

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5
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

When growth stops and epiphyseal plate turns into line

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6
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Hallow part of bone containing bone marrow

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7
Q

Endosteum

A

Membrane on the inner surface, connecting tubules, and coating trabeculae

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8
Q

Periosteum

A

Membrane that surrounds its outside surface

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9
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Calcium, phosphates, and triglycerides

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10
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Makes all types of blood cells

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11
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Weeps lubricant between bones preventing friction and moveable joints

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12
Q

Long bones

A

Long central shaft

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13
Q

Short bones

A

Cube shaped

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14
Q

Flat bones

A

Flattened and usually curved

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15
Q

Irregular bones

A

All other types of bones

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16
Q

Spongy bone

A

Lines the medullary cavity along the diaphysis. Provide support and resist forces

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17
Q

Compact bone

A

Forms thick outer cortex of bone encased by periosteum

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18
Q

Osteon

A

Column like pillars that make up the outside cortex of diaphysis and epiphyses

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19
Q

Central canal

A

Contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

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20
Q

Perforating canals

A

Punch into (perforate) compact bone of diaphysis

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21
Q

Lamellae

A

Extracellular matrix of bone

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22
Q

Canaliculi

A

Tiny canals connecting osteocytes

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23
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells contained in lacunae

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24
Q

Lacuna

A

Space osteocytes sit in

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25
Frontal bone
Anterior forehead cranial bone
26
Parietal bones
Cranial bones that make up most of bony wall
27
Sagittal suture
Articulates two parietal bones within sagittal plane
28
Coronal suture
Suture connecting frontal bone with parietal bones
29
Temporal bones
Two lateral cranial bones
30
Squamous suture
Parietal bone articulates with corresponding temporal bone
31
External auditory meatus
Passageway leads from outside of head to tympanic membrane (eardrum membrane)
32
Internal auditory meatus
Canal in temporal bone that extends to cochlea
33
Styloid process
Long slender projection of temporal bone
34
Zygomatic process
Process of temporal bone that articulates with zygomatic bone
35
Mastoid process
Smooth conical projection of bone at the base of mastoid area of temporal bone
36
Mandibular fossa
Oval depression behind the anterior root of zygomatic process of temporal bone
37
Jugular foramen
Opening that allows internal jugular vein to travel through it
38
Carotid canal
Passageway of carotid artery
39
Foramen lacerum
Irregular opening in the middle of cranial fossa at base of skull
40
Occipital bone
Posterior cranial bone
41
Lambdoid suture
Connects occipital bone with two parietal bones
42
Foramen magnum
Passage of central nervous system from skull connecting brain with spinal cord
43
Hypoglossal canal
Allows hypoglossal nerve to make way to bottom of tongue
44
Occipital condyles
Smooth rounded surface of occipital bone that free moving joint with first vertebra
45
Nuchal lines
Where muscles and ligaments of neck/back attach to occipital bone
46
External occipital protuberance
Raised area on midline of occipital bone where posterior wall meets the base of skull
47
Sphenoid bone
Cranial bony floor wall (bat)
48
Sella turcica
Depression of sphenoid bone
49
Superior orbital fissures
Slit-like openings that allow nerves to travel to eye for movement
50
Optic canals
Canal that is part of sphenoid bone extending from optic foramen to orbital apex
51
Foramen rotundum
Round shape opening that allows passage of nerve branches that contain motor and sensory fibers
52
Foramen spinosum
Hole located in the greater wing of sphenoid
53
Foramen ovale
Oval shape opening that allows passage of nerve branches that contain motor and sensory fibers
54
Ethmoid bone
Small portion of wall of skull (chicken comb)
55
Crista galli
Helps anchor brain meninges within cranial body cavity
56
Cribriform plate
Where smelling nerve structures pass through from brain to nasal cavity
57
Superior nasal conchae
Small/cured plate of bone representing medial/bony process of the labyrinth of ethmoid bone
58
Middle nasal conchae
Medial bony projections of ethmoid bone
59
Mandible
Lower jaw
60
Mandibular condyle
Free moving joint of mandible with temporal bone and its condyle
61
Coronoid process
Serves as attachment for muscles that move jaw during chewing/talking
62
Maxillae
Form upper jaws of face
63
Palatine process
Maxilla bone that articulates with palatine bone
64
Palatine bones
Form part of the hard palate (roof of oral cavity)
65
Zygomatic bones
Cheekbones
66
Temporal process
When temporal bone, zygomatic bone, and zygomatic process form part of zygomatic arch
67
Lacrimal bones
Adjacent to lacrimal sac that catches tears at medial corner of eyes
68
Nasal bones
At bridge of nose
69
Inferior nasal conchae
Form the lateral-inferior walls of nasal cavity
70
Vomer
Single blade-shaped bone forms the posteroinferior portion of nasal septum
71
Hyoid
U-shaped solitary bone in the midline of neck anteriorly at base of mandible
72
Anterior fontanelle
Junction of 2 frontal & 2 parietal bones meet
73
Posterior fontanelle
Triangular and lies at apex of occipital bone
74
Zygomatic arch
Bridge of bone extending from temporal bone to maxilla
75
Zygomatic process
Temporal bone that articulates with zygomatic bone
76
Temporal process
When temporal bone, zygomatic bone, and zygomatic process form part of zygomatic arch

Biology A&P 1 (5 decks)

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