Unit 4 - CV System Overview

Question 1

What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

transport and delivery

Question 2

What does cardiovascular system deliver and at what rate?

Answer 2

nutrients and other substances at an adequate rate

Question 3

What specifically does the cardiovascular system deliver?

Answer 3

Oxygen, glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, water, electrolytes, and hormones

Question 4

What does the cardiovascular system remove and at what rate?

Answer 4

wastes at an adequate rate

Question 5

What specifically does the cardiovascular system remove?

Answer 5

Carbon dioxide, lactic acid, nitrogenous wastes, heat

Question 6

What does the cardiovascular system need to fulfill its main functions?

Answer 6

a transport medium, a heart, and a regulatory system

Question 7

What is the hearts transport medium and how does it function?

Answer 7

blood; delivery by arteries, then distribution by capillaries, and return by veins

Question 8

What is the importance of the pump in fulfilling the cardiovascular systems main functions?

Answer 8

It provides the energy to drive blood flow and perfusion pressure

Question 9

What is systole?

Answer 9

ventricular contraction

Question 10

What happens to blood during systole?

Answer 10

it is ejected from the ventricles

Question 11

What is diastole?

Answer 11

ventricular relaxation

Question 12

What happens to blood during diastole?

Answer 12

it flows into the heart to fill it

Question 13

Explain the flow of blood from the right atrium to systemic circulation.

Answer 13

Right atrium, to the right ventricle, to the pulmonary trunk, to the pulmonary arteries, to the lungs, to the pulmonary veins, to the left atrium, to the left ventricle, to the aorta

Question 14

What are the vessel types in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 14

Arteries, arterioles, and veins

Question 15

In arteries, is pressure high or low?

Answer 15

high

Question 16

In arterioles is pressure high or low?

Answer 16

lower than arteries

Question 17

As compared to arteries, what is different about the make up of veins, the size, and the location?

Answer 17

they have more elastin, bigger, and are generally located closer to the heart

Question 18

What are the components of pulmonary circulation (vessel type/name, side of heart)?

Answer 18

right heart, pulmonary artery, arterioles, capillaries, venules, pulmonary vein

Question 19

What is the function of pulmonary circulation?

Answer 19

O2 and CO2 exchange and acid/base regulation

Question 20

What are the components of systemic circulation (vessel type/name, side of heart)?

Answer 20

left heart, aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, systemic veins

Question 21

What is the function of systemic circulation?

Answer 21

supplies organs and tissues with blood

Question 22

How is blood flow measured?

Answer 22

the amount of volume moved over time

Question 23

What is cardiac output?

Answer 23

the amount of flow leaving either ventricle

Question 24

How is cardiac output measured?

Answer 24

CO= SV * HR

the amount of flow from either ventricle over 1 minute multiplied by the number of ventricular contactions

Question 25

What is blood flow maintained by?

Answer 25

Adequate arterial pressure, adequate cardiac output

Question 26

What are the two types of blood pressure?

Answer 26

transmural P and perfusion pressure

Question 27

What is transmural pressure?

Answer 27

force/unit area of vessel wall

Question 28

How is transmural pressure measured?

Answer 28

inside P - outside P = mmHg

Question 29

What is perfusion pressure?

Answer 29

the force pushing blood through the vessel

Question 30

How is perfusion pressure measured?

Answer 30

Change in pressure = mean pressure at the beginning - mean pressure at the end

Question 31

Is pressure in the left atrium high or low?

Answer 31

low

Question 32

During diastole, is pressure in the left ventricle high or low?

Answer 32

low

Question 33

During systole, is pressure in the left ventricle high or low?

Answer 33

high

Question 34

During diastole, is pressure in the aorta high or low, and how does it compare to pressure in the left ventricle at this time?

Answer 34

high - higher than the left ventricle

Question 35

During systole, is pressure in the aorta high or low, and how does it compare to pressure in the left atrium at the time?

Answer 35

high - equal to the pressure of the left atrium

Question 36

During diastole, how is the pressure in arteries compared to the aorta at the time?

Answer 36

it is a little lower

Question 37

During systole, how is the pressure in arteries compared to the aorta at the time?

Answer 37

it is a little higher

Question 38

Generally, how is the pressure in the arterioles as compared to arteries, capillaries, and the right heart?

Answer 38

overall it is lower than arteries, higher than capillaries, higher than the right heart

Question 39

Is pressure in the capillaries or in the veins higher?

Answer 39

pressure in capillaries is higher than veins

Question 40

In general, is pressure in the right atrium high or low?

Answer 40

low

Question 41

In relation to the right atrium, is pressure in the right ventricle high or low?

Answer 41

higher than the right atrium

Question 42

Is pressure in pulmonary vessels high or low?

Answer 42

low

Question 43

What is resistance?

Answer 43

impediment to flow

Question 44

What can changes in resistance influence?

Answer 44

arterial pressure and cardiac output

Question 45

As the diameter of a vessel decreases, what happens to the resistance in that vessel?

Answer 45

resistance increases