Unit 4: Developmental Psychology (CORE VOCABULARY)

Question 1

Developmental Psychology

Answer 1

The behavioral capacities & how behavior changes with age.

Question 2

Zygote

Answer 2

Fertilized egg cell

Question 3

Embryo

Answer 3

Multicellular diploid eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of first cell division until birth, hatching, or germination.

Question 4

Teratogens

Answer 4

An agent, such as a virus, a drug, or radiation, that causes malformation of an embryo or fetus.

Question 5

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Answer 5

Condition marked by stunted growth of the head and body; malformations of the face, heart, and ears; and nervous system damage, including seizures, hyperactivity, learning disabilities, and mental retardation.

Question 6

Rooting Reflex

Answer 6

reflex consisting of head-turning and sucking movements elicited in a normal infant by gently stroking the side of the mouth or cheek.

Question 7

Maturation

Answer 7

The process of growing up into adulthood.

Question 8

Habituation

Answer 8

Decrease in a person’s response to a stimulus after it has been presented repeatedly.

Question 9

Piaget’s stages of Cognitive Development:…..

Answer 9

Sensimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational.

Question 10

Sensimotor

Answer 10

1st stage- Primarily learning through putting stuff in your mouth & feeling it with hands. (0-2 yrs)

Question 11

Preoperational

Answer 11

2nd Stage- No concept of conversation or object permanence. (2-7 yrs)

Question 12

Concrete operational

Answer 12

Ability to deal with the properties of concrete objects but not hypothetical or abstract questions (7-11 yrs)

Question 13

Formal operational

Answer 13

The mental processes that deal with abstract, hypothetical situations. THese processes demand logical, deductive reasoning and systematic planning. (11+ yrs)

Question 14

Schema

Answer 14

An organized way of interacting in the world based on what you ALREADY know.

Question 15

Assimilation

Answer 15

Old schema to new objects.

Question 16

Accomodation

Answer 16

MODIFYING past experiences. Child becomes aware that living things that move, cannot be living and still be moving.

Question 17

Equilibration

Answer 17

Ability to use both sensory motor and pre-operational to make meaning of ALL new experiences.

Question 18

Object Permanence

Answer 18

“Peek-a-boo”. Ability to know something exists even when you can’t see it.

Question 19

Conservation

Answer 19

Ability to tell volume of an object in parts to the whole.

Question 20

Egocentrism

Answer 20

Inability to take the perspective of another person; a tendency to view the world as entered around oneself.

Question 21

Stranger Anxiety

Answer 21

Close to your mother. Cannot be left alone.

Question 22

Attachment

Answer 22

Long-term feeling of closeness between people, such as a child and a caregiver.

Question 23

Self Concept

Answer 23

As children progress through the sensorimotor stage of development, they appear to gain some concept of “self.”

Question 24

Adolescence

Answer 24

When the body reaches puberty.

Question 25

Puberty

Answer 25

The onset of sexual maturation.

Question 26

Primary Sex Characteristics

Answer 26

Genitals and organs of reproduction.

Question 27

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Answer 27

Appear during puberty.

Question 28

Kohlberg's stages of MORAL reasoning:....

Answer 28

Preconventional, conventional, and postconventional

Question 29

Preconventional

Answer 29

Morality is determined by sheer power of outside authority. (0-6 yrs)

Question 30

Conventional

Answer 30

Expectations of OTHERS drives decisions on what is right & wrong. What society expects. (7-11 yrs.)

Question 31

Postconventional

Answer 31

Doing what is right because it's the "right" thing to do. (11+ yrs)

Question 32

Identity

Answer 32

Personality. Who YOU are.

Question 33

Menopause

Answer 33

Menstruations stops for women.

Question 34

Life Expectancy

Answer 34

The average age of death, or the expectancy of your death.

Question 35

Alzheimer's Disease

Answer 35

One of the cognitive changes, due to brain plaque.

Question 36

"Social Clock"

Answer 36

"My clock is clicking"

Question 37

"Biological Clock"

Answer 37

Women's time of ending of menopause.

Question 38

Thanatology

Answer 38

Study of death.

Question 39

Identical Twins Vs. Fraternal Twins

Answer 39

Develop from same fertilized egg (monozygotic) vs. twins who develop from two eggs (dizygotic) fertilized by two different sperm

Question 40

Sex Linked Genes

Answer 40

Gene located on the X chromosome

Question 41

Heritability

Answer 41

Estimate of the variance within a population that is due to heredity. The likeness of behavior are genetic.

Question 42

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 42

Inherited disorder in which a person lacks the chemical reactions that convert a nutrient called phenylalanine into other chemicals; unless the diet is carefully controlled, the affected person will become mentally retarded.

Question 43

Moral Dilemmas

Answer 43

Problem that pits one moral value against another.

Question 44

Issues with Identity

Answer 44

Adolescents have to IDENTIFY with many groups such as family, peers, religious groups, sports teams, school groups, etc.

Question 45

Identity Crisis

Answer 45

Concerns with decisions about the future and quest for self-understanding.

Question 46

Identity Diffusion

Answer 46

Experiment with many roles, not required to make a choice.

Question 47

Identity Foreclosure

Answer 47

Passive acceptance of a role as defined by a parent or other family member.

Question 48

Identity Achievement

Answer 48

Makes a decision about who they are but is flexible about the future and changes that may occur.

Question 49

Terror Management Theory

Answer 49

Coping with our fear of death by avoiding thinking about death and by affirming a worldview that provides self esteem, hope, and value in life.

Question 50

Parenting Styles:....

Answer 50

Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive, Indifferent

Question 51

Authoritative

Answer 51

Parents keep control, but allow the child to have some decision making. Punishments are usually explained are why the were imposed.

Question 52

Authoritarian

Answer 52

Parents impose rules and expect obedience or nothing.

Question 53

Permissive

Answer 53

Parents are controlled by their children. They make few demands or impose few rules.

Question 54

Indifferent

Answer 54

Parents who pay little attention to their children.

Question 55

Acculturation

Answer 55

Transition from feeling part of the culture of one's original country to the culture of the country that one enters.

Question 56

Biculturalism

Answer 56

Ability to alternate between membership in one culture and membership in another.

Question 57

Nature vs. Nurture

Answer 57

What you're "Born" with vs. How you "Develop" after you're born.

Question 58

Conception and Gestation:...

Answer 58

Nutrition, drug, illness influences

Question 59

Gilligan's stages of Moral development

Answer 59

Same as Kohlberg's. HOWEVER, believed girls reached a higher level of morality EARLIER than boys.

Question 60

Levels of Intimacy as people mature

Answer 60

Becomes less

Question 61

Cognitive changes as people age

Answer 61

1. Memory loss 2. Alzheimer's Disease 3. Amygdala becomes slower

Question 62

Sex and Gender socialization as people mature

Answer 62

Start to spread more apart from each other.

Question 63

Freud's stages of psychosocial development

Answer 63

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital

Question 64

Oral

Answer 64

Pleasure centers in the mouth

Question 65

Anal

Answer 65

Pleasure focuses on the bowel and bladder

Question 66

Phallic

Answer 66

Pleasure derived from genitals

Question 67

Latency

Answer 67

Dormancy

Question 68

Genital

Answer 68

Maturation of sexual interests.

Question 69

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 69

Studied a procedure of a mother and her infant in a room while a stranger comes in and the mother leaves.

Question 70

Albert Bandura

Answer 70

Believed we learn many behaviors before we try them the first time.

Question 71

Erick Erickson

Answer 71

Divided the human lifespan into eight periods that he variously called ages or stages.

Question 72

Harry Harlow

Answer 72

Studied the reactions of a monkey growing up in a cage alone with a stuffed warm monkey and a metal monkey with food.

Question 73

Konrad Lorenz

Answer 73

Discovered IMPRINTING.

Question 74

Lev Vygotsky

Answer 74

Said every child has a "zone of proximal development" in which the child is ready to learn a new concept that is neither to difficult or too easy. Ner should be taught things they ALREADY KNOW.