Unit 1: History and Approaches

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Question 2

Empiricism

Answer 2

Knowledge gained by doing research.

Question 3

Structuralism

Answer 3

An attempt to describe the structures that compose the mind.

Question 4

Functionalism

Answer 4

An attempt to understand how mental processes produce useful behaviors.

Question 5

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 5

approach to psychology advocated by some that emphasizes feelings and emotions and the better understanding of the self in terms of observation of oneself and one’s relations with others

Question 6

Nature Vs. Nurture

Answer 6

THe question of the relative roles played by heredity (nature) in determining differences in behavior.

Question 7

Natural selection

Answer 7

The process in nature by which, according to Darwin’s theory of evolution, argued humans and other species share a remote common ancestor.

Question 8

Biopsychosocial Approach

Answer 8

To understand behavior. The approach encompasses (1) biological, (2) psychological, and (3) socio-cultural influences.

Question 9

Neuroscience Approach

Question 10

Behavior/Genetics approach

Answer 10

John B. Watson created the approach, concentrates on observable, measurable behaviors. (Non-mental)

Question 11

Psychodynamic Approach

Answer 11

Physical properties of stimulus.

Question 12

Cognitive Approach

Answer 12

Thinking and inquiring knowledge.

Question 13

Socioculture Approach

Answer 13

Individual influences to others

Question 14

Basic research

Answer 14

used to explore the fundamental bases of behavior, without regard to how those bases are manifested in the real world.

Question 15

Applied research

Answer 15

aims to address and answer real-world problems.

Question 16

Mary Whiton Calkins

Answer 16

Best graduate student in Harvard psychology, however, was denied a PhD because she was a woman. (One of 1st women in U.S psychology)

Question 17

Charles Darwin (1859-1871)

Answer 17

Argued that humans and other species share a remote common ancestor.

Question 18

Dorothea Dix

Answer 18

Created the first American mental asylums

Question 19

Sigmund Freud

Answer 19

Persuasive speaker and writer, popularized psychotherapy by analyzing patients’ dreams and memories.

Question 20

Stanley Hall

Answer 20

Focused on childhood development and evolutionary theory.

Question 21

William James

Answer 21

Started functionalism

Question 22

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 22

Won Nobel Prize in physiology in 1904 for his research on digestion.

Question 23

Jean Piaget

Answer 23

Theorist, concluded that children and adults use qualitatively different thought processes.

Question 24

Carl Rogers

Answer 24

Among the founders of humanistic approach to psychology.

Question 25

BF Skinner

Answer 25

One of the leaders of behaviorism.

Question 26

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 26

Behaviorist, 1st woman granted a PhD in psychology. Wrote “Animal Mind”

Question 27

John B. Watson

Answer 27

Known as the founder of behaviorism, systemazied the approach.

Question 28

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 28

Set up the first pyschology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. HIs broad interests ranged from the physiology of the sense of organs to cultural differences.