Unit 4 Drugs in Random Order Flashcards

Question

Atgam

Answer 1

**_ATG_**am Tx: **_A_**cute renal **_t_**ransplant injection Immunosuppressant **_A_**nti**_t_**hymocyte **_g_**lobulin (ATG)--Polyclonal antibodies Effects: Reduces circulating T cells^(Wikipedia) ***_A_**ffects **_T_** cell activation* SE: * Polyclonal antibodies may lead to allergic rxn * From horse or rabbit

Answer 2

diclofenac bromfenac Nepafenac NSAID

Answer 3

Formoterol Arformoterol Salmeterol Indicaterol *"rols" w/o any "b"s* Tx: Asthma Bronchodilator--**DOC** for short term relief Mech: B2 agonist--not completely selective Cause even more down regulation of B2 receptors Not as effective for rapid relief SE: * Tremors * Tachycardia * Heart palpitations * Indigo Salmon Asked For More* * Indigo Salmon Asked Fo mo'* ***_Ind_**icaterol **_Salmo_**eterol **_A_**r**_formo_**terol **_Formo_**terol*

Answer 4

Tx: RA, Chron's, trans Prodrug Mech: * Converted to 6-mercaptopurine * Inh. synth of purines (guanosine required for DNA synth) * _Inh. several enzymes_ responsible for GMP synth * Non specific SE: * Bone marrow suppression→ * Megaloblastic anemia * Thrombocytopenia * Leukopenia *6-mercaptopurine is also an anti-cancer agent*

Answer 5

First gen H1 blocker Tx: Sedative, motion sickness Pharmacokinetics: Slightly lipid soluble, not ionized→**Gets into CNS** Toxicity: * High TI * But suicide attempts b/c readily available * Interactions w/ other CNS depressants * Anti-muscarinic effects

Answer 6

Tx: Transplant, psoriasis Mech: Bind to FK binding protein _inh. kinase_ required for binding of IL-2 induced transcription factors to DNA→decreased cytokine production Often used in combination w/ glucocorticoids SE: * Some renal toxicity * Less than tacrolimus * Synergistic effect w/ used in comb w/ many immunosupp. * Some lung toxicity Metab by P450 ... * What else binds to FK protein? Tacrolimus* * Tacrolimus: Inh calcinuerin phosphatase* * Everolimus/Sirolimus: Inh kinase*

Answer 7

Tx: Cancer Mech: _Inh. thymidylate synthatase_→inh. thymidine synth Prodrug--Pyrimidine analog

Answer 8

Tx: Asthma Mech: Inh. 5-lipoxygenase Blocks leukotriene synthesis *Enzyme inh.* SE: increases liver enzymes *zileutoN for eNzyme inhibitor*

Answer 9

**Etanercept** (RA) **Infliximab** (RA,C) **Certolizumab** (RA,C) **Adalimumab** (RA) **Golimumab** (RA, etc) Think TNF=TNT (dynamite) **_E_**xplosions _In_ **_C_**aves **_A_**ffect **_Gol_**lum

Answer 10

Tx: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (_CML_) Mech: **Kinase inh.** In CML a gene codes for a kinase that shuts off apoptosis So cells keep multiplying and don't die=cancer Imitinib inhibits the kinase so that apoptosis occurs again Orally SE: Edema (only a few SE)

Answer 11

Tx: Cancer-leukemias and lymphomas Mech: Inh. immune system fxns (refer to other lecture) SE: lots of them

Answer 12

Tx: Asthma Mech: **Inh. cAMP PDE**→bronchodilation *Enzyme inh.* So increase in cellular cAMP Methyl xanthine like caffeine Clinical use: Chronic asthma Low TI but used now b/c very cheap SE: * Cardiac stimulation-arrythmias * CNS stim-tremors, insomnia, seizures * GI upset

Answer 13

Tx: Cancer Mech: _Alkylating agent_ * Add alkyl group to DNA * Causes DNA cross linking, inhibits cell replication, and RNA synth Nitrogen mustard Developed from mustard gas-destroys everything it touches Prodrug given orally or IV Stops cell from replicating once it hits DNA Lots of collateral damage

Answer 14

Ustek-i-nu-mab *MAb affecting immune sys. from human source* Immunosuppressant Tx: **Psoriasis** Mech: Binds to **IL-12, 23** * Michael Jordan _used_ to wear #_23_ until someone stole his jersey and he had to wear #_12_ (true story). Whoever stole it ought to be _sorry_.* * MJ _uste_-kinumab wear _IL-23_ then wore _IL-12_. They ought to be _psoriases._*

Answer 15

Same as Tamoxifen Tx: Cancer Mech: Blocks estrogen receptor SE: * Cataracts * Retinal changes

Answer 16

Second gen H1 blocker Pharmacokinetics: Ionized in blood so fewer CNS effects Don't cause drowsiness Not metab by P450 Toxicity: * High TI * But suicide attempts b/c readily available * Anti-muscarinic effects

Answer 17

Tx: Cancer Mech: Binds to microtubules Natural product * Ixabepilone * * Pixabepilone* * Pixy sticks=tube=microtubules* * Yeah this one is a stretch...*

Answer 18

Tx: Multiply myeloma Mech: Proteasome/protease inh. **Enzyme inhibitors** Allows excess proteins to accumulate and kill myeloma *"Zomibs" inh. proteaZomes*

Answer 19

*"-trop-" like a**_trop_**ine * Tx: Asthma Bronchodilator Mech: Cholinergic blocker Analog of atropine Clinical use: Mainly for _COPD_ but some use for asthma Kinetics: * Inhaled--slower onset though (10 min) * Not well absorbed * Peak effect in hours * Weaker than B-blockers SE: Anti-cholinergic effects Contraindications: * Urinary retention * Open angle glaucoma

Answer 20

Tx: Cancer Mech: Bind to microtubules and block cell mitosis Route: IV Natural product

Answer 21

First gen H1 blocker Tx: Sedative, anti-itch Pharmacokinetics: Slightly lipid soluble, not ionized→**Gets into CNS** Toxicity: * High TI * But suicide attempts b/c readily available * Interactions w/ other CNS depressants * Anti-muscarinic effects

Answer 22

Tx: RA Mech: Binds to _IL-1_ Route: SubQ Used w/ other immunosuppressants like methotrexate Should NOT be used w/ TNF inh b/c may lead to serious infection (too much suppression) * Anakinra-blocks IL1 receptor* * Rilonacept-binds to IL1*

Answer 23

Tx: Cancer (prostate) Mech: _Activates GnRH receptor_ Initially increases test synth, but eventually down regulates it Used in comb. w/ other drugs *_Lou_ Ferrigno was a _pro_ bodybuilder w/ **_AR_**nold--initially boosted test. synth but eventually downregulated it* *_Leu_-_pro_-lide **_A_**ctivates GnRH **_R_**eceptor--initially boosted test. synth but eventually downregulated it*

Answer 24

Immunosuppressant Mech: * Taken up by macs and conc. in mac lysosomes * Interferes w/ mac. processing of antigens (1st step in immune process) Toxicities: * GI fxn * Dermatitis * **Irr. retinal damage** * Retinal changes and visual disturbances may progress even after discontinuation

Answer 25

*"-crom-"* Tx: Asthma Anti-inflammatory agent Mech: * Inhibit release of mediators from immune cells * Inhibits Cl channels * Inhibits Ca uptake (Ca necessary for secretion) Not bronchodilators Route: inhalation Not used much anymore

Answer 26

Tx: Renal transplantation Immunosuppressant Mech: binds to CD80, CD86 _receptor_ *Affects T cell activation* SE: * Increase malignancy **AB**atacept **CD**80+86 receptors (**B**elatacept too) Abatacept: RA Belatacept: Kidney trans.

Answer 27

*"-crom-"* Tx: Asthma Anti-inflammatory agent Mech: * Inhibit release of mediators from immune cells * Inhibits Cl channels * Inhibits Ca uptake (Ca necessary for secretion) Not bronchodilators Route: inhalation Not used much anymore

Answer 28

Tx: Cancer Mech: _Inh. aromatase_ Aromatase converts test→estr. * Ana is strong b/c aromatase inh. so test can't be converted to est. * * Ana-stro-zole. Aromatase Inh so no conversion to est.* * \*Both of the estrogen blockers have a woman's name and a reference to strength\** ***Tam-ox**-ifen* ***Ana-stro**-zole*

Answer 29

**Diphenhydramine** **Clemastine** **Chloropheniramine** **Hydroxyzine** **Promethazine** **Tripelennamine**

Answer 30

H2 blocker Does not cross BB barrier Effects: * Blockade of H2 receptors→**Decrease H secretion** * Histamine required to stim. acid secretion from parietal cells SE: * **Anti-androgenic effect** * Males: gynecomastia and reduced sperm count * Females: Lactation

Answer 31

Tx: Asthma **DOC** for prophylaxis Mech: Bind intracellular receptor→altered DNA transcription *Activate receptor* Increase _lipocortin_→inh. synth of _phospholipase A2_ (precursor of prost and leukotriene) Route: Inhalation 1st pass metabolism SE: * Infections (esp mouth)-thrush * Dysphonia (diff. speaking) * Systemic effects

Answer 32

Tx: Asthma **DOC** for prophylaxis Mech: Bind intracellular receptor→altered DNA transcription *Activate receptor* Increase _lipocortin_→inh. synth of _phospholipase A2_ (precursor of prost and leukotriene) Route: Inhalation 1st pass metabolism SE: * Infections (esp mouth)-thrush * Dysphonia (diff. speaking) * Systemic effects

Answer 33

-ib=inhibitor (often kinase inh) Mech: _Janus kinase inh._ * Inh signal pathways of cytokines and ILs * Modifies effect of cytokines on gene exp * Prevents act. of signal transducers and activators of trans. SE: * Increase infection * Increase malignancy

Answer 34

Tx: Cancer Mech: Forms abnormal microtubules Natural-from western yew tree. But now purely synthetic *"-**_t_**axels" make **_t_**errible **_t_**ubules*

Answer 35

Tx: Analgesic **Not an NSAID**--Non-narcotic analgesic No anti-platelet effect Not effective for arthritis Mech: Inh COX Toxicity: * less GI effects than ASA * OD=10-15g (20-30 tablets)-can cause irreversible liver damage * Feel bad, then better, then liver starts to fail in a few days * Decreased glutathione in liver-**treat w/ reducing agent (N-acetyl cysteine)** * Alcoholics and acetaminophen lead to decreased glutathione w/ smaller dose

Answer 36

Tx: Transplantation Immune suppression Mech: * Binds to FK binding protein * _Inh. calcineurin phosphatase _ * Like cyclosporin but binds to diff protein→inh. of cytokine synth More eff. than cyclosporin A-Increase max inh. effect SE: * Nephrotoxicity * Neurotoxicity * Alopecia (baldness) * Less cosmetic effects than cyclosporine * Diabetes Metab by P450 * Tacrolimus for transplantations* * What else binds to FK protein? Sirolimus/Everolimus* * Tacrolimus: Inh calcinuerin phosphatase* * Sirolimus: Inh kinase* * What else affects calcinuerin phosphatase? Cyclosporine* * Cyclosporine: Binds cyclophyllin* * Tacrolimus: Binds FK protein*

Answer 37

Tx: Asthma **DOC** for prophylaxis Mech: Bind intracellular receptor→altered DNA transcription *Activate receptor* Increase _lipocortin_→inh. synth of _phospholipase A2_ (precursor of prost and leukotriene) Route: Inhalation 1st pass metabolism SE: * Infections (esp mouth)-thrush * Dysphonia (diff. speaking) * Systemic effects

Answer 38

Tx: Transplant, psoriasis Mech: Bind to FK binding protein _inh. kinase_ required for binding of IL-2 induced transcription factors to DNA→decreased cytokine production Often used in combination w/ glucocorticoids SE: * Some renal toxicity * Less than tacrolimus * Synergistic effect w/ used in comb w/ many immunosupp. * Some lung toxicity Metab by P450 * What else binds to FK protein? Tacrolimus* * Tacrolimus: Inh calcinuerin phosphatase* * Sirolimus/Everolimus: Inh kinase*

Answer 39

NSAID Tx: Patent ductus arteriosus * Hole would not close due to excess PGs * Indomethacin would allow closure, but so does ibuprofen too Mech: Very potent COX inh. Acetic acid derivative SE: * Thrombocytopenia * Aplastic anemia * Corneal opacity

Answer 40

Immunosuppressant Mech: IL-2 _receptor_ blocker Used w/ CSA 65% human (chimeric) Hypersensitivity rxn * Hypotension * Bronchospasm * Pulmonary edema **_H_**arry **_P_**otter is a _hypersensitive_ **_b_**itch when he fights the _basilisk_ in the **_C_**hamber of **_S_**ecrets, which is the **_2_**nd **_r_**eading in the series **_H_**ypotension + **_P_**ulmonary edema, _hypersensitivity_, **_b_**ronchospasm, _basiliximab_, used w/ **_CS_**A. IL-_2_ receptor blocker

Answer 41

Dexamethasone Betamethasone Immunosuppressive potency=15 Relative minerallocorticod activity= Duration: 36-54hrs

Answer 42

Tx: RA Mech: Blocks IL-1 _receptor_ Route: SubQ Used w/ other immunosuppressants like methotrexate Should NOT be used w/ TNF inh b/c may lead to serious infection (too much suppression) *anakinRA=RA=RAceptor blocker*

Answer 43

Tx: Inh. all immune processes Immunosuppressant Mech: * GC cross CM, bind to receptor and dimerize, then affect trans. * Decrease PGE and leukotrienes * Alter migration of immune cells Often used in comb. w/ other immunosuppressants SE: Sig SE w/ long term use. Refer to other lecture

Answer 44

Tx: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and RA Mech: vs CD20

Answer 45

Nata-li-zu-mab *MAb affecting immune sys. from humanized source* Immunosuppressant Tx: **Chron's + MS** Mech: Binds to **alpha integrin binding site** on CD4 (and other immune cells) *Not really a receptor but a "binding site"* SE: * Linked w/ progressive multifocal leukoencephalothopy (PML) * Fatal viral disease of CNS ***_Nat_**ty's give you the beer shits* ***_Nat_**alizumab=Chron's* nat**_ALI_**zumab-binds **_AL_**pha **_I_**ntegrin binding site

Answer 46

Immunosuppressant Gets converted from prodrug Leflunomide Mech: Inhibits dihydroorotate DH * Rate limiting step in production of pyrimidine (so inh. pyr. production) * Decrease in UMP and TMP * More effect on lymphocytes SE: * Diarrhea and abdominal pain (rapidly replicating GI cells) * Flu-like symptoms w/ flunomides * Teratogenic * Must take bile acid binding agent to get rid of all of drug if pregnant **Inhibits P450** * You no ride w/ me--get DD* * "Flu-no-ride w/ me. Get DD (dihydroorate DH)*

Answer 47

Immunosuppressant Prodrug. Gets converted into Teriflunomide Mech: Inhibits dihydroorotate DH * Rate limiting step in production of pyrimidine (so inh. pyr. production) * Decrease in UMP and TMP * More effect on lymphocytes SE: * Diarrhea and abdominal pain (rapidly replicating GI cells) * Flu like symptoms w/ flunomides * Teratogenic * Must take bile acid binding agent to get rid of all of drug if pregnant **Inhibits P450** * You no ride w/ me--get another Designated Driver* * "Flu-no-ride w/ me. Get another DD (inh. Dihydroorate DH)*

Answer 48

Tx: Cancer Mech: Intercalates w/ DNA-causes DNA strand breakage SE: pulmonary fibrosis ***_Bl_**eo**_my_**cin **_bl_**ows _my_ DNA apart* ***_Bleo_**mycin affects your ability to _blow_ (Pulmonary fibrosis)*

Answer 49

Tx: Cancer Mech: inh. microtubules-prevents mitosis, causes apoptosis Fully synthetic

Answer 50

Cyclophosphamide Lomustine Cisplatin Mech * Add alkyl group to DNA * Causes DNA cross linking, inhibits cell replication, and RNA synth * Non specific * Inhibit non-replicating tumor cells * Worry about extravasation-leakage into surrounding tissue

Answer 51

Cele-cox-ib **Selective cox(2) inhibitor** Tx: Analgesic and anti-inflam

Answer 52

Tx: Asthma **DOC** for prophylaxis Mech: Bind intracellular receptor→altered DNA transcription *Activate receptor* Increase _lipocortin_→inh. synth of _phospholipase A2_ (precursor of prost and leukotriene) Route: _Not_ inhaled SE: * Infections (esp mouth)-thrush * Dysphonia (diff. speaking) * Systemic effects

Answer 53

Tx: Transplants, psoriasis, dry eye (tear duct inflam) Fungus derived Route: Emulsion Mech: Binds to intracellular protein-cyclophyllin Complex forms and _inh. enzyme-_calcineurin phosphatase ***Enzyme inhibitor*** Prevents act. of NFAT complex which then prevents act of gene that codes for IL2,3 and TNF alpha T cell inhibited Kinetics * Metabolized by P450 * Lots of drug interactions-esp. antibiotics SE: * Nephrotoxicity * Hepatotoxicity * Cosmetic changes * Hypertrichosis * Gingival hyperplasia * Increased cholesterol (reversible) * Mild hypertension (reversible) **C**yclosporin-binds to **C**yclophyillin→inh. **C**alcinuerin, used for **C**rusty eyes and skin, may cause **C**osmetic **C**hanges, î **C**holesterol, **C**idney (kidney) damage * What else affects calcinuerin phosphatase? Tacrolimus* * Cyclosporine: Binds cyclophyllin* * Tacrolimus: Binds FK protein*

Answer 54

"-nol"s and "-rol"s Tx: Asthma Bronchodilator--**DOC** for short term relief Mech: More specific B2 agonist than epi. but B1 effects Kinetics: Shorter T1/2 SE: * Tremors * Tachycardia * Heart palpitations *Has been supplanted by more specific B2 agonists*

Answer 55

Tx: Cancer Mech: Intercalates w/ DNA→blocks DNA and RNA synth Produces free radicals→break down DNA strands Class: Antibiotic (produced by microorganisms) SE: * Can cause heart m. degeneration * Irr. due to free radicals * Fall in love w/ Ruby but she's a free radical and breaks your heart.* * Rubicin. Causes free radicals--\> heart damage. Breaks DNA*

Answer 56

H2 blocker Does not cross BB barrier Effects: * Blockade of H2 receptors→Decrease H secretion * Histamine required to stim. acid secretion from parietal cells

Answer 57

Tx: Cancer Mech: vs HER2 Human epidermal growth factor receptor * Don't hook up w/ _her_ _too_, that's _trashy_* * Don't hook up w/ _HER2_, thats _tras_-tuzumab*

Answer 58

**Loratadine** **Fexofenadine** **Desloratadine** **Cetirizine** Don't cause drowsiness Fewer CNS effects Ionized in blood **Not metab. by P450** * What does the fox say?* * What _des_ the _fex_ _ce_?* ***_Des_**loratadine (+ loratadine) **_fex_**ofenadine **_ce_**tirizine*

Answer 59

Tx: Asthma **DOC** for prophylaxis Mech: Bind intracellular receptor→altered DNA transcription *Activate receptor* Increase _lipocortin_→inh. synth of _phospholipase A2_ (precursor of prost and leukotriene) Route: Inhalation 1st pass metabolism SE: * Infections (esp mouth)-thrush * Dysphonia (diff. speaking) * Systemic effects

Answer 60

Toci-li-zu-mab *MAb affecting immune sys. from humanized source* Immunosuppressant Tx: **RA** Mech: Binds to **IL-6 _receptor_** * Football players get _tackled_ so they have _RA_ but all of the ladies want to have **_r_**isque _sex_ w/ them* * Football players get _tocilizumab_ so they have _RA_ but all the ladies want to have _IL-6_ **_r_**eceptor with them*

Answer 61

Zafirlukast Montelukast Tx: Asthma Mech: Leukotriene receptor blocker

Answer 62

Immunosuppressive potency=4 Relative minerallocorticod activity=.25 Duration: 18-36hrs

Answer 63

*"-tidine"s* Cimetidine Ranitidine Famotidine Nizatidine *\*Only diff amongst all is that cimetidine has anti-androgenic effects*

Answer 64

Al**_b_**ute**_rol_** Pir**_b_**ute**_rol_** **_B_**itolte**_rol_** Leval**_b_**ute**_rol_** Tert**_b_**utaline *Relatively selective are the only B2 agonists with a "b" and a "rol" (and tertButaline)* Tx: Asthma Bronchodilator--**DOC** for short term relief Mech: More specific B2 agonist than isoproterenol Kinetics: Longer T1/2=6hrs Route: Inhalation--immediate onset SE: * Tremors * Tachycardia * Heart palpitations * Fewer SE than isoproterenol but still some B1 * Downregulation of receptor * Any receptor activators may do this

Answer 65

Infli-xi-mab Tx: RA, Chron's Immunosuppressant Mech: Binds _TNF_ Route: IV SE: * Infusion→itching, hypertension, fever * Concerned if pt has pre-existing infection like fungus or Tb b/c infection may become worse * If you are **_inflex**_ible (from sitting on the toilet=Chron's) take _**inflix**_imab although it may lead to _**i_**tching* * May also lead to hyper**T**ensio**N** and **F**ever--binds to **TNF***

Answer 66

Tx: Cancer Mech: _Alkylating agent_ * Add alkyl group to DNA * Causes DNA cross linking, inhibits cell replication, and RNA synth Prodrug given IV

Answer 67

Ada-li-mu-mab Tx: RA Immunosuppressant Mech: Binds _TNF_

Answer 68

Tx: Cancer (and RA and psoriasis) Mech: * Analog of Folic Acid * _Inh. enzyme: Dihydrofolate reductase_ * PABA→Folic acid**⇒**Dihydrofolic acid⇒tetrahydrofolic acid * ⇒ indicate where DHFR works SE: * Myelosuppression-inh. of blood cells * Can be dealt w/ by giving _leucovorin_-THFA analog * Does not require DHFR * Will rescue "normal" cells, but not malignant cells

Answer 69

Rizatriptan Zolmitriptan Naratriptan Almotriptan Eletriptan Frovatriptan Tx: Migraine Mech: 5HT _receptor agonist_ Route: Orally as spray Not to be used w/ SSRIs or MAO inh--will lead to synergistic effect→_5HT syndrome_→malignant hyperthermia like syndrome

Answer 70

Tx: RA, Chron's Immunosuppressant Mech: Binds _TNF_

Answer 71

H2 blocker Does not cross BB barrier Effects: * Blockade of H2 receptors→Decrease H secretion * Histamine required to stim. acid secretion from parietal cells

Answer 72

Tx: Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflam, anticlotting Mech: **Inh. COX** Therefore _inh. prostaglandin synth_ (and thromboxane) Kinetics: * ASA is _weak acid_ so absorbed in stomach * _Dissociates in plasma_ to form salicylic acid strongly bound to plasma proteins * 325-500mg/tablet; 4-6/day for arthritis * Lethal dose * Children(and elderly): 4g (12 tablets) * Adults 20g (50-60 tablets) * Death due to pulmonary edema SE: * GI * Slicylic acid is direct irritant * ASA decreases PG production by intestinal mucosa * Decrease mucous production * Decrease HCO3 production * CNS effects * Tinnitus (large doses) * Increase resp rates * Other effects * Don't take aspirin w/ warfarin * Direct effect on iris-decrease miosis during eye surgery * Decrease kidney perfusion * Hypersensitivity * Bronchospasms-esp in pts w/ nasal polyps * Inh. labor (PGs involved) ... ***A**sthmatic bronchospasms* ***S**evere pulmonary edema* ***P**eptic ulcer* ***I**nhibit labor* ***R**eye’s syndrome/Renal perfusion decrease* ***I**ris--Inhibit miosis* ***N**oise*

Answer 73

Tx: Cancer Mech: Inh. DNA polymerase Prodrug--Pyrimidine analog

Answer 74

Second gen H1 blocker Pharmacokinetics: Ionized in blood so fewer CNS effects Don't cause drowsiness Not metab by P450 Toxicity: * High TI * But suicide attempts b/c readily available * Anti-muscarinic effects

Answer 75

Tx: Asthma Mech: Blocks IgE receptor *Receptor blocker* Route: Injection--like all monoclonal antibodies

Answer 76

Naproxyn Fenoprofen Ketoprofen Flurbiprofen Oxaprozin Suprofen Tx: Analgesic, anti-inflam Mech: Inh COX Propionic acid derivative

Answer 77

Tx: RA Immunosuppressant Mech: Binds _TNF_ Route: SubQ (in comb. w/ other immunosupp) Synthesized molecule e**T**a**N**ercept-binds **TN**F

Answer 78

*"-trop-" like a**_trop_**ine * Tx: Asthma Bronchodilator Mech: Cholinergic blocker Analog of atropine Clinical use: Mainly for _COPD_ but some use for asthma Kinetics: * Inhaled--slower onset though (10 min) * Not well absorbed * Peak effect in hours * Weaker than B-blockers SE: Anti-cholinergic effects Contraindications: * Urinary retention * Open angle glaucoma

Answer 79

Tx: Cancer Mech: Inhibits topoisomerase II→unrepairable DNA breaks Natural product * You know its a **_top_**oisomerase inhibitor but which one?* * Add the first letter of one vs two to the front. If it makes sense it's correct* * Tetoposide vs oetoposide* * \*\***T**-etoposide so topoisomerase **T**wo\*\**

Answer 80

H2 blocker Does not cross BB barrier Effects: * Blockade of H2 receptors→Decrease H secretion * Histamine required to stim. acid secretion from parietal cells

Answer 81

Tx: Transplants and lupus More specific replacement than azothioprine _Inh. enzyme_ inosine monophosphate DH→Inh. guanisine synth. SE: Bone marrow decrease GI cell disruption

Answer 82

Tx: Cancer Mech: _Alkylating agent_ * Add alkyl group to DNA * Causes DNA cross linking, inhibits cell replication, and RNA synth Contains platinum (expensive) Associated w/ renal damage and ototoxicity

Answer 83

Tx: Cancer (prostate) Mech: _Inhibits 17-hydroxylase lyase_ (CYP 17) Inhibits androgen synthesis **Inhibits P450** * Get this man _a beer_, at least _17 sips_, he can't make any _androgens_.* * Get this men _abir_-aterone, _17 CYP_, can't make any _androgens_* * P450 inhibitors from this unit: Abiraterone and -flunomides*

Answer 84

Tx: Asthma Bronchodilator--**DOC** for short term relief Mech: Acts on all adrenergic receptors SE * Tons of them * Increase HR+vasoconstriction→increase BP

Answer 85

Immunosuppressive potency=4 Relative minerallocorticod activity=.25 Duration: 18-36hrs Prednisone is a prodrug: * Must be metab by P450 (in liver) * _Not effective topically_

Unit 4 Drugs in Random Order Flashcards

(112 cards)