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Biology Final Study Guide > Unit 4: Ecology > Flashcards

Unit 4: Ecology Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Population vs. Community

A

Population- same species
Community- diff species

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2
Q

The biome with the most diversity is

A

Tropical Rainforest

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3
Q

Which biome has a permanent layer of ice?

A

Tundra

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4
Q

What causes seasonal patterns in the northern hemisphere?

A

The tilt of the earth and annual rotation around the sun

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5
Q

Which of the biomes have the richest soil?

A

Temperate grasslands
Very fertile soil

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6
Q

Many biomes have grasses maintained by

A

Fire

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7
Q

T&F Deserts are dry because the suns heat evaporates all the water

A

False
Dry because little to no precipitation

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8
Q

Name the biosphere where you live

A

Earth

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9
Q

What is the biome in Las Cruces?

A

Desert

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10
Q

There are 2.2 mil white winged doves in texas meaning about 7 birds per square mile what is this a measure of?

A

Density

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11
Q

Density

A

number of individuals per unit area

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12
Q

Dispersion

A

Pattern and the way animals are spaced in a population

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13
Q

Distribution

A

Where you find the individuals
where they are located

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14
Q

How might you measure population density of dandelions in this field?

A

count a subset and estimate the population for the area

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15
Q

Bushes are evenly spaced in a habitat in new mexico what is this called

A

Uniform dispersion

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16
Q

Humans are found in all continents in the world, what is this called

A

Distribution

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17
Q

Dispersion types

A

Uniform- an even pattern dispersion
Clumped- individuals are aggregated
Random- unpredictable spacing

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18
Q

The J shaped growth curve where populations grow at a constant factor over time is called

A

Exponential

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19
Q

Which is the formula for the exponential growth curve?

A

rN

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20
Q

What is the formula for the logistic growth curve?

A

rN(K - N)/K

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21
Q

Logistic growth rate is slowed by

A

Carrying capacity (K)

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22
Q

The growth rate (r) is 0.25 the birth rate is 0.65 what is the death rate

A

0.40
birth rate - growth rate = death rate

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23
Q

If multiple populations start with the same initial size, what determines which one grows the fastest under exponential growth conditions?

A

The population with the highest intrinsic growth rate (r) will grow the fastest

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24
Q

whooping cranes. the conservation effort of buying land changes the

A

change in the carrying capacity K
more room to live and create more animals

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25
Competition
If both individuals get harmed
26
When an animal eats a plant this is called
Herbivory Primary consumer
27
Which of these species is an exoparasite
Head lice
28
Animals may pollinate plants while eating nectar. this is called
Mutualism
29
Most frog lays hundreds of thousands of eggs Very few survive what life strategies
Type 3
30
If a plant has 10,000 kcal of energy how much is left for the snake?
10 kcal
31
What percentage of the energy is lost between the producer and the primary consumer?
90%
32
Which is an abiotic component of ecology?
The carbon in our local caliche layer
33
How are humans adding more carbon into the earth's atmosphere?
Cutting down trees, Driving cars, etc
34
Which compound contributes the most to global climate change?
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
35
What causes small jagged changes in CO2 Levels in this figure?
Seasonal activity of plants in temperate biomes
36
Population Density formula
Number of individuals/Area
37
The greatest annual input and least seasonal variation in heat occurs in the
Tropics
38
Most of the world's deserts are located at latitudes where
hot, dry air moving toward the poles descends
39
A group of individuals of a single species that occupy the same general area defines a
Population
40
Assume that there are five alligators per acre in a swamp in northern Florida. This is a measure of the alligator population's
Density
41
The Mexican Wolf can be found in New Mexico and Arizona. The is a description of that species
Distribution
42
When you are looking up a "range map" of a species, you are finding out the _____ of that species.
distribution
43
A survivorship curve is a
graph that plots an individual's likelihood of being alive as a function of age.
44
Type 1 survivorship curve is the result of which of the following life history traits?
parents providing a lot of care for a few offspring
45
A newly mated queen ant establishes an ant nest in an unoccupied patch of suitable habitat where resources are abundant. Assuming that no disasters strike the nest, which of the following types of equation will best describe its population growth?
exponential
46
The maximum number of individuals a habitat can support is called its
Carrying capacity
47
If an ecosystem is above its carrying capacity the population will
decrease
48
preventing whooping cranes from extinction required
captive breeding and reintroduction.
49
In an ecosystem, you would expect to find interspecific competition between
populations of two species that utilize the same resources
50
The prokaryotes that cause tooth decay have a ____ relationship with humans
Parasitic
51
A tree is a ____ in an ecosystem
Producer
52
In a food chain consisting of phytoplankton → zooplankton → fish → fishermen, the fishermen are
Tertiary
53
In a food web, what could be true?
Several species of primary consumers may feed on the same species of producer
54
One simple thing that you can do to help safeguard the environment is to eat a diet consisting only of organisms that are
Producers
55
What is an abiotic factor?
temperature
56
The flow of ______ into ecosystems occurs in one direction only and then is lost,
energy; nutrients
57
The level of ecological organization that incorporates abiotic factors is the
Ecosystem
58
Which does not release CO2?
Photosynthesis
59
What is a Type I survival curve
Few offspring and provide substantial parental care High survival early and middle life, rapid decline later (e.g., humans)
60
What is a Type II survival curve?
Moderate offspring and care Constant death rate across lifespan (e.g., birds)
61
What is a Type III survival curve
Many offspring (often hundreds or thousands), little to no parental support High death rate early, survivors live long lives (e.g., trees, fish)
62
Chaparral
Grows around the Mediterranean Scrubby
63
Tundra
Cold permafrost Frozen
64
Desert
Very dry hot or cold
65
Tropical Rainforest
Rainiest and warmest biome Most diverse biome
66
Temperate Broadleaf Forest
Trees lose leaves in the winter Key word: Deciduous trees
67
Coniferous Forest or Taiga
Cold forests of evergreen trees and pine Keyword: Pine Canada, Alaska, Siberia
68
Temperate grasslands
Grassy fertile soil Key word: great for farming
69
Savanna
Warm grassland, scattered trees Animals such as zebras lions and antelopes live there
70
Exponential Growth is
J curve Ideal conditions- lots of food and space, no predators or disease Population doubles and grows faster over time rN growth rate x Population size
71
Logistic Growth is
S shaped curve Realistic conditions- limited resources Pattern- starts looking like exponential then slows down as population gets larger Levels off at the carrying capacity (K) rN(K-N/K)
72
Batesian Mimicry
palatable organism looks like a toxic one to scare off predators (ex viceroy butterflies trying to mimic monarch butterflies)
73
Müllerian mimicry
two distasteful organisms look alike to signal their toxicity (ex bees and yellow jackets)
74
What are the three components of population structure?
Distribution, density, and dispersion.
75
What is age structure and how is it measured in ecology?
Age structure is the proportion of individuals at different ages; often measured using life tables and survivorship curves.
76
What is a survivorship curve?
A graph that shows the number or proportion of individuals surviving at each age.
77
What is the definition of ecology?
The study of the interaction of organisms and their environment.
78
What is a trophic level?
A level in the food chain representing an organism’s feeding position (e.g., producer, primary consumer, etc.)
79
Why is only 10% of energy passed to the next trophic level?
Most energy is lost as heat, undigested material, or used in metabolism.

Biology Final Study Guide (6 decks)

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