Unit 4 - Geology and the Rock Cycle Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is a Mineral?
A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure.
Rocks typically contain around how many minerals.
2 - 5
Every mineral has a…
Crystalline Structure
A crystals shape is determined by what?
A crystals shape is determined by the arrangement of its atoms.
What are the 8 elements that make up the 98% Earth’s crust?
Oxygen; Silicon; Aluminum; Iron; Calcium; Sodium; Potassium; Magnesium
What are the eight mineral identification elements.
Hardness; Color; Streak; Luster; Crystal Habit; Cleavage; Fracture; Specific Gravity
What is the hardest mineral known?
Diamond
What scale measures hardness of a mineral?
Mohs Hardness Scale
What two layers of the Earth is the Lithosphere made of?
Crust and Upper Most Solid Mantle
Name in inner most part of the Earth?
Inner Core
What consistancy is the Asthenosphere?
A liquid plasticly consistency?
What is the difference between asthenosphere and lithosphere?
Asthenosphere = uppermost solid mantle; Lithosphere = crust and asthenosphere
What are the three type of rocks?
Igneous; Sedimentary; Metamorphic
What is the Rock Cycle?
The continuous cycle by which rocks are transformed among the three different types of rock.
What are the two types of igneous rocks?
Extrusive and Intrusive
What is an example of an igneous rock?
Granite; Basalt
What is a sedimentary rock?
Sedimentary rocks are rocks composed of solid rock, weathered minerals, organic remains and precipitated minerals that have been clumped together.
What is an example of a sedimentary rock?
Mudstone; Sandstone; Limestone
What are the three types of metamorphism?
Contact; Burial; Hydrothermal
What are some examples of metamorphic rock?
Slate; Schist; Gneiss; Marble
What does rock become to become an igneous rock?
Magma
