Unit 4: Lecture 21-27

Question 1

Species 1 and species 2 compete for same resources

Ecological niche = all biotic and abiotic resources a species uses for environment. If overlap, must compete

Lowers carrying capacity of both populations because it reduces available resources to all

Answer 1

Competition

Question 2

How does acid rain form?

Answer 2

Compounds such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are released into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants

Question 3

Precipitaiton

Answer 3

Water falls to earth as rain, snow, or hail

Question 4

Major stages of the carbon cycle

Answer 4

Carbon enters atmoshphere ad carbon dioxide

Carbon is absorbed by producers to make carbohydrates in photosynthesis

Animals feed on the plants, passing carbon compounds along the food chain. Most carbon is exhaled as carbon dioxide in the process of respiration. Animals and plants eventually die

The deas organisms are eaten by decomposers and the carbon in their bodies is returned to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide

Question 5

Species 1 (animal) eats species 2 (plant)

Answer 5

Herbivory (+/-)

Question 6

What are the negative side effects of acid rain

Answer 6

kills plants

lowers PH of lakes/rivers and soil

Kills marine life

Question 7

Trophic levels

Answer 7

Primary producer

Primary consumer

Secondary consumer

Tertiary consumer

Apex predator

Question 8

Heterotrophs that consumer plants or animals (herbivores and omnivores)

mice that eat plant seeds

Answer 8

Primary consumer

Question 9

Negative effects of human changes on the global nitrogen cycle

Answer 9

Acid precipitaiton

Increased greenhouse gases in atmosphere

Eutrophication of waterways

Question 10

Consume plants/animals (heterotrophs)

Answer 10

Consumers

Question 11

Creates own energy (autotrophs)

Answer 11

Producers

Question 12

What happens when apex predators are lost?

Answer 12

overcrowding

spreading into agricultural and urban habitats

loss of vegetation

Question 13

All living things

Answer 13

biotic

Question 14

Surrounding terrestriaal environment draining into river

Answer 14

watershed

Question 15

Evaporation

Answer 15

Liquid water in the ocean, lakes, or rivers evaporates and becomes water vapor

Question 16

What happens when keystone species are lost?

Answer 16

change in habitat

decrease in species diversity

Question 17

Organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms and in doing so, carry out the natural process of decomposition

Answer 17

decomposers

Question 18

How are humans changing the global nitrogen cycle?

Answer 18

Humans dominate it with fertilizers, fixiing crops, flooding fields for rice, and burning fossil fuels

Question 19

Autotrophs that create their own energy (plants, algae)

Answer 19

Primary producer

Question 20

Carnivores that eat primary consumers

Snakes that eat mice

Answer 20

secondary consumer

Question 21

Top of the food chain

Answer 21

Apex predator

Question 22

Radiation gets trapped in the atmosphere warming the planet

Answer 22

greenhouse effect

Question 23

Condensation

Answer 23

Water vapor in the atmosphere condenses and becomes liquid

Question 24

Major stages in water cycle

Answer 24

Evaporation

Condensation

Precipitation

Question 25

Species 1 and species 2 benefit from interaction

Symbiosis - close relationship (corals and zooxanthellae)

Loss of one species can lead to decline in other species

Answer 25

Mutualism

Question 26

All non-living things

Answer 26

abiotic

Question 27

Species 1 (predator) eats species 2 (prey)

Answer 27

Predation (+/-)

Question 28

consume secondary consumer

Hawks that eat snakes

Answer 28

Tertiary consumer