Unit 4 - Lesson 12: Selective Breeding Flashcards
Gregor Mendel is a scientist who is often called what?
The father of genetics.
What did Gregor Mendel discover?
Gregor Mendel discovered that traits could be passed down generations (parent to offspring) through alleles.
RECAP: Chromosomes hold genes. Each gene codes for a particular trait. Each gene is made of two alleles. Give an example.
RECAP: For example, the gene could be for eye colour. The alleles could be for blue eyes and brown eyes. Parents only pass on one allele to their offspring.
What is monohybrid inheritance?
Monohybrid inheritance is when the second generation (F2) will follow a 3:1 ratio if the parent generation (two individuals with 2 contrasting traits) breed.
Draw an example diagram of monohybrid inheritance.
https://i.pinimg.com/736x/b3/8b/56/b38b56e51e061dbe011880c38147418a.jpg
By cross-breeding two individuals that display a desired characteristic, we can increase the number of what?
By cross-breeding two individuals that display a desired characteristic, we can increase the number of individuals with that characteristic.
What have we used selective breeding to increase?
We have used selective breeding to increase milk/egg/meat production, increase resistance to climate & disease, improve yield or nutritional value.
How can we increase milk/egg/meat production, increase resistance to climate change & disease, improve yield or nutritional value?
We can use selective breeding to increase these things.
Give an example of cross-breeding.
Tall wheat has a high yield but can get easily damaged in the wind. Short wheat doesn’t get damaged but produces a lower yield. We have bred these two to produce a short wheat with a high yield. This is the wheat we use in bread and it’s called Triticum Aestivum.
What vegetables originate from wild cabbage (brassica)?
Cabbage (terminal bud), Cauliflower (flower cluster), Broccoli (flowers and stems), Kale (leaves), Kohlrabi (stem), Brussel sprouts (lateral buds)
What is another name for selective breeding?
Selective breeding is also called artificial selection. It’s evolution that is controlled by humans.
In selective breeding, what two ways can the individuals be bred?
The two individuals are either bred naturally or via artificial insemination.
How can we selectively breed a trait into an organism? (This will be the basis of most exam questions on selective breeding)
- Select organisms with the desired trait.
- Breed those organisms.
- Select the best of the offspring.
- Repeat over several generations.
