Unit 4: Practice Quiz Flashcards
1
Q
Which 3 of the following are the major factors that determine and maintain the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
A
Movement of the cations out of the cell through leakage channels in the plasma membrane
ion gradients maintained by the sodium/potassium pump
anions trapped in the cytosol
2
Q
Which one of the following numerals represents the cranial nerve that controls the muscles that regulate the aperture of the pupil and the shape of the lens?
A
3
3
Q
Anatomically, the spinal cord can be divided into what number of spinal segments, each of which gives rise to a pair of spinal nerves?
A
31
4
Q
Which one of the following nerves of the cervical plexus innervates the diaphragm?
A
phrenic nerve
5
Q
Which one of the following extrinsic eye muscles is supplied by the trochlear nerve?
A
superior oblique
6
Q
The trigeminal nerve is the fifth cranial nerve
A
true
7
Q
Impulses for the sense of smell travel to the
A
olfactory bulbs
8
Q
the cells responsible for the myelination of the PNS are the Schwann cells
A
true
9
Q
The type of reflex that produces a reflex action on the opposite side of the body to where the stimulus was perceived
A
contralateral
10
Q
Which of the following is not associated with the ventricles?
A
arachnoid villi
11
Q
There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves
A
true
12
Q
The function of the dural sinuses is to
A
drain blood from the brain
13
Q
When the cell membrane reaches 30+mV, voltage-gated potassium channels open, leading to which phase?
A
Repolarization phase
14
Q
Which of the following are involved in summation
A
Quick loss of intensity, graded potential travels along the plasma membrane, combination with another graded potential
15
Q
Which of the following can be described as the resting membrane potential?
A
The electrical potential difference across the plasma membrane
16
Q
The pupillary constrictor muscles are located in the
A
iris
17
Q
The scientific name for nearsightedness is hyperopia
A
false
18
Q
Accommodation of the eye is
A
the ability of the eye to focus on different objects
19
Q
The equilibrium apparatus consists of the
A
vesstibule and semicircular canals
20
Q
The fungiform papillae are innervated by which cranial nerve?
A
Facial
21
Q
Which of the following are responsible for changing the diameter of the aperture of the pupil?
A
Iris
22
Q
The vitreous body is composed of which of the following?
A
collagen and proteoclygans
23
Q
The Vallate and Foliate papillae are innervated by which cranial nerve?
A
Glossopharyngeal
24
Q
Microglia cells play a protective role in the CNS removing cellular debris
A
true
25
Mechanoreceptors function to detect the sensation of touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch
true
26
The scientific name of the ear drum is the tympanic membrane
true
27
the cones of the retina are sensitive to high levels and provide for color vision
true
28
What is the anatomical term for the nerve that divides to form the common fibular and tibial nerves?
Sciatic nerve
29
The brachial plexus is formed from the ventral roots of the spinal nerves emerging at which one of the following vertebral levels?
C5-T1
30
Which one of the following nerves is the sixth cranial nerve?
abducens nerve
31
What is the anatomical term used to describe a reflex where the reflex action occurs on the same side of the body that the stimulus was perceived?
Ipsilateral reflex
32
Which one of the following types of neuroglial cells are widespread throughout the peripheral nervous system?
Schwann cells
33
The elevated portion of the cerebral cortex
gyri
34
The region of the diencephalon that acts as a major relay center for sensory stimuli
thalamus
35
The shallow grooves in the cortex of the cerebrum
sulci
36
The spaces within the brain where cerebrospinal fluid is produced
ventricles
37
The part of the brain composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
brain stem
38
The vascular network in a ventricle that forms cerebrospinal fluid
choroid plexus
39
The are in which cerebrospinal fluid collects before its return to the blood
subarachnoid space
40
The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebrum
cortex
41
A stroke is a situation in which blood clot blocks the flow of blood to an area of brain tissue
treu
42
The bridge of white tissue that connects one hemisphere to another
corpus callosum
43
main area of the brain involved with emotion and learning
limbic system
44
pair of oval masses of gray matter that form most of the diencephalon
thalamus
45
At what point does the relative refractory period begin/
Beginning at the end of the repolarization phase
46
What phase of the action potential is best characterized when the cell membrane hits a threshold potential of about -55mV and activation gates of voltage-gated sodium channels open quickly?
Depolarization
47
What is the function of type A fibers?
conduct sensory information associated with pressure, conduct sensory information associated with proprioception, conduct sensory information associated with touch
48
Thin, transparent film that covers the inside of the eyelids
conjunctiva
49
Another name for the blind spot, the region where the optic nerve connects with the eye
Optic disk
50
The area of the retina where the vision is most accurate
fovea centralis
51
part of the eye that supports the lens and the iris, well as adjusts the curvature of the lens
ciliary body
52
the transparent elliptical structure held behind the aperture of the pupil and refracts light to a focal point on the retina
lens
53
the central opening in the iris
pupil
54
the equilibrium consists of the
vestibule and semicircular canals
55
The middle ossicle of the ear is the incus
true
56
which of the following receives olfactory nerve fibers and contains glomeruli?
olfactory bulbs
57
Which papillae are the largest on the tongue?
Vallate
58
Which of the following layers of the eye functions to bend light towards the pupil and limits the amount of light that enters the eye?
cornea
59
What is the arterial supply of the choroid?
ciliary arteries
60
Which layer of the eye is responsible for draining excess fluid from the posterior cavity of the eye?
Choroid
61
Oligodendrocytes play a protective role in CNS removing cellular debris
false
62
The hippocampus, amaydala, and cingulate gyrus are all considered part of which one of the following?
limbic system
63
What is the term for the single process that arises from the hillock of the cell body of the neuron and terminates at a synapse?
Axon
64
Which one of the following cranial nerves leaves the head and neck region to innervate much of the thoracic and abdominal viscera?
IX
65
The smallest part of the brainstem and is responsible for the visual and gustatory response
midbrain
66
The content of the dural sinuses is
blood
67
This term describes a cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS
GANGLION
68
All of the following are examples of neuroglia except
dendrite
69
The femoral nerve is the largest nerve of the lumbar plexus
true
70
What phase of the action potential is best characterized when the cell membrane hits a threshold potential of about ... and activation gates of voltage-gated sodium channels open quickly?
Depolarization phase
71
The phenomenon of an action potential that occurs fully when a stimulus is strong enough to elicit a response can be best described as?
All or nothing
72
A short-lived local change in membrane potential that makes the plasma membrane less polarized is which of the following?
depolarizing graded potential
73
Rhodopsin is the photopigment inlocated in the rod cells.
true
74
A term associated with tears
lacrimal
75
the fluid that fills the space anterior to the lens
aqueous humor
76
The structure responsible for sounds transduction
organ corti
77
What are the following ways in which gustatory transduction occurs?
Depolarization of gustatory receptor, direct passage, use of secondary messengers
78
Which layer of the eye is responsible for draining excess fluid from the posterior cavity of the eye?
choroid
79
Which area of the eye is responsible for draining aqueous humor?
Scleral venous sinus
80
What are the functions of the ciliary body?
Support the iris., adjust curvature of the lens, support the lens
81
What component of the brain is responsible for enabling us to remember smells as well as bring back memories associated with the smell?
Limbic system
82
The sympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate and stimulates digestion
false
83
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers emerge from the spinal cord at which one of the following vertebral levels?
T1-L3
84
Which one of the following terms best describes the adding together of postsynaptic potentials generated in quick succession at the same location to produce a stronger postsynaptic potential?
temporal summation
85
Which one of the following cranial nerves conveys general sensory information from the majority of the face to the brain?
trigeminal nerve
86
The visual area of the cerebral cortex is in the occipital lobe
true
87
The hippocampus and reticular formation are part of the
limbic system
88
The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response
false
89
The stapes is in contact with the oval window of the ear
true
90
thermoreceptors detect tasants
false
91
all of the following are a form of lingual papillae except
mallate papillae
92
Which of the following best describes the process in which a few molecules of an odorant need to be present to initiate a response?
Adaption
93
Which neural layer of the eye is responsible for containing only cone photoreceptors?
macula lutea
94
Mechanoreceptors detect chemical changes on the skin
false
95
What is the anatomical term for the collection of nerve roots arising from the lumbosacral spinal cord that fill the vertebral canal caudal to the termination of the spinal cord? (two words)
Cauda equina
96
Nuclei in which one of the following brain regions are the major regulators of autonomic tone?
Hypothalumus
97
Which one of the following best describes the nerves conveying preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?
Cranial nerve 3, 7, 9, and 10; spinal nerves from vertebral levels S1-S3
98
Which of the following substances readily diffuse across the blood-brain barrier?
Alcohol, oxygen, carbon dioxide
99
the nervous plexus that arises from C1-C4 vertebrae is called the
cervical plexus
100
the portion of the ventricular system this is contained within the midbrain portion of the CNS is the
cerebral aqueduct
101
The formation of graded potentials and actions potentials is dependent upon the existence of which of the following?
resting membrane potential and presence of many ion channels
102
The organ of Corti is the receptor for
hearing
103
The fungiform papillae are innervated by which cranial nerve?
Facial
104
Which of the following layers of the eye functions to bend light towards the pupil and limits the amount of light that enters the eye?
Cornea
105
The olfactory tract contains axons from the olfactory bulb and sends signals to which of the following?
thalamus, hypothalamus, and limbic system
106
the central sulcus divides the cerebrum into left an right hemispheres
false
107
The aqueous humor is a transparent jelly that fills the posterior cavity of the eye
false
108
Which of the following cranial nerves leave the cranium via the jugular foramen?
Vagus nerve, accessory nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve
109
The pons is the middle portion of the brain stem
true
110
Which is not a component of the central nervous system?
spinal nerve
111
The portion of the CNS that receives most of the sensory info from the surface of the body is the
parietal lobe
112
Collections of cell bodies outside the CNS are called
ganglia
113
A short-lived local change in membrane potential that makes the plasma membrane less polarized is which of the following?
Depolarizing graded potential
114
The odor threshold does not exist and you can not become accustomed to a smell over time
false
115
The passageway that connects the middle ear cavity with the throat
eustachian tube
116
the fluid contained within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear.
endolymph
117
The scientific name for eardrum
tympanic membrane
118
The membrane covered space that conducts sound waves from the stapes to the fluid of the inner ear
oval window
119
This connects the inner ear with the middle ear and supports the membranous saccule and utricle within it
Vestibule
120
The fluid of the inner ear contained with the bony labyrinth and surrounding the membranous labyrinth
perilymph
121
The ossicle of the ear that is in contact with the tympanic membrane is the
malleus
122
Which area of the eye is responsible for draining aqueous humor?
Scleral venous sinus
123
Which of the following answer choices identifies the tunics of the eye?
Neural, vascular, and fibrous
124
The corpus callosum prevents the passage of harmful substances and pathogens from the blood to the brain
false
125
The stapes bone attaches to the oval window
true
126
One of the following is the major descending tract involved in relaying info from the cerebral cortex of the brain to skeletal muscle controlling voluntary movement?
Corticospinal tract
127
Which one of the cranial nerves conveys sensory information from the baroreceptors of the carotid sinus to the brain?
IX
128
Which one of the following types of neurotransmitter is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic fibers?
Acetylcholine
129
The autonomic nervous system is controlled by the
hypothalamus
130
Sound waves leave the inner ear by way of round window
true
131
With respect to the neural tunica, which neural layer contains photoreceptors?
retina
132
The G protein coupled receptor mechanism for taste is associated with which of the following tastants?
sweet, bitter, umami
133
The process in which chemical stimulus is converted into a neural signal that can be interpreted by the brain is known as
olfactory transduction
134
The fililorm papillae are the largest of the taste buds and are usually arranged in an inverted v-shape at the back of the tongue
false
135
The visual information from each eye travels back towards the brain through the optic chiasma
true
136
The valate papillae are small, conical taste buds located over most of the dorsal surface of the tongue
false
137
Receptor that responds to painful stimuli belong to which one of the following categories?
nociceptors
138
Which of the following describe events in the postsynaptic neuron at an inhibitory synapse?
large chloride influx
reduced likelihood of an action potential
post synaptic neuron hyperpolarizes
139
perilymph fills the membrane labyrinth of the inner ear
false
140
Which of the following receives and processes olfactory information directly from the olfactory bullbs?
primary olfactory cortex
141
Which two of the following reflexes might you expect to be initiated if you accidentally trod on a sharp pebble while barefoot?
Extensor and flexor reflex
142
WHich one of the following regions is most closely associated with the primary sensory cortex?
POSTCENTRAL GYRUS
143
Sound waves that enter the cochlea travel first through the tympanic duct
false
144
All visual information crosses to the opposite side at the optic chiasma
false
